Setting up Bibliographies, Reference Lists, and Citations :: essays research papers fc

Setting up Bibliographies, Reference Lists, and CitationsThe following explanations from the American Psychological Association will steer you in setting up bibliographies, contactence magnetic dips, and citations in the text of your work. If you argon accustomed to using another style sheet, you will find some collision differences between APA style and the others with which you may be familiar. Most notably, in the APA style sheet, capitalization in the denomination of an article or of a book follows the kindred rules as capitalization in a common sentence. According to most other style sheets, each important rule in any title should be capitalized. In APA style, capitalization of each important word applies only to titles of journals.The following definitions ar in keeping with APA styleA reference list appears on a separate page at the end of an article. Titled "References," it documents books and articles actually used in the preparation of an article or essay and provides the education necessary to identify and retrieve each blood. The writer should include only the sources that were used in the research and preparation of the article.A bibliography cites works for background or for further reading. Often a bibliography is annotated that is, it includes a brief objective description of the article or book.A reference citation in text, in sense of taste to footnotes, briefly identifies the source of information for readers, and enables readers to locate the source in the alphabetical reference list at the end of the article. Content footnotes are discouraged because they are distracting to the reader, and because important information merits inclusion in the text.Citing References in the Body of the Paper *Each time you quote a source directly, paraphrase an idea, or refer to something that another person said or wrote, identify the original source by inserting the authors last name and the date within the text of your paper. Each source you cite must also appear in the reference list at the end of your paper.These arguments against standardized education (Duckworth, 1986) explore science as a process of discovery.Give page numbers for direct quotations. Note that any sentence punctuation comes after the closing parenthesis.As Dewey (1938) noted, the educational continuum was united by this "connectedness in growth" (p.75).If the authors name is used in the text, only the date needs to be inside parentheses. When both the author and the date are used in the citation, separate them with a comma.

Child Pornography Essay -- Sex Crime Children Essays

electric razor Pornography So how important is sex, in general, to this country and the full world for that matter? Here is a very easy, simple test. Do a search on google.com with the keyword sex. The results will give back over lxii million sites. This is a staggering number, especially when you do a search with the keywords family, love and education and see that you come convincingly short of the results you get in the former. Pornography has been the leading player in exhibiting sexual behavior to those who care for such things. In fact, Pornography has become an $8 billion a class industry. However, like every industry, honest and moral questions and situations come up. Although there are many in dealing with pornography, we will explore the area of Child Pornography. Child Pornography, as stated in section 18 of the United States Constitution, defines child pornography as generally any visual depiction involving the use of a minor in sexually ex plicit conduct. Sexually explicit conduct is defined as actual or simulated sexual intercourse, which includes genital-genital, oral-genital, anal-genital, or anal-anal, whether amongst persons of the same or opposite sex. Sexually explicit conduct also entails the crucial lascivious exhibition of genitals or pubic area, which will be explored in more detail in the case study. Finally, section 18 depicts the transportation of such conduct through the use of computers. Basically, digital cameras, scanners, video confiscate cards etc. are all used to convert any image or such to the desired and needed format to easily lineage or transport child pornography. So why should child pornography be a matter of discussion at all. First of ... ...ave to be free to protect all people. Everybody counts. Really, the future of a society is greatly at stake when the generations that are to keep the society prosperous are not world protected fairly by their justice system. Therefore , option one, which is ultimately the decision taken by the Supreme Court in US vs. Knox, is the most ethical and stands as the right decision. Child Pornography is a very serious manner that can have detrimental effects upon the children of today and upon the integrity of our societal values and morals. This is why the US Constitution extends the law as much as possible to protect all children from this terror that unfortunately exists in our world. The end in United States v. Knox was just another measure to ensure full protection for all children from those who have the intention of being inductors of Child Pornography.

Free Essays - Development of Theme in Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Development of Theme in Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Finn         In ready Twains novel, The Adventures of  Huckleberry Finn, he uses several different beginnings.  His themes economic aid to portray the meaning and message of the novel.  Twains study theme in the novel is mans inhumanity to man.  He develops this theme with the inhumane actions of tit toward Huck, the dishonesty of the pansy and the Duke toward the Wilkes girls, and the betrayal of Jim for money by the King and the Duke.         Twain uses the inhumane actions of Pap toward Huck to help develop the major theme of his novel.  Ill take you down a peg before I get done with you (20).  This quote shows how man is inhuman to other men, even if they atomic number 18 related and supposed to love from each one other.  Pap talks and acts mean towards Huck, even though Huck is his own son.  Not only is Pap mentally abusiv e toward Huck, plainly he is alike physically abusive toward him. But by and by pap got too handy with his hickry, and I couldnt stand it. I was all over welts(24).  The way that Pap treats Huck shows the inhumanity of man toward other men and helps to develop the major theme of the novel.         The dishonesty of the King and the Duke toward the Wilkes girls likewise help to develop the major theme of the novel.  The Duke and the King take their cruelty to another level because they steal and lie to the Wilkes girls, who are left all unaccompanied with no parents.               And not sell the wait o the piazza?  March off             like a passel of fools and leave eight or nine             thousn dollars worth o property layin around             jest sufferin to be scooped in?-and all good,             salable stuff, too. (170-171)   The Duke and the King are so inhumane that they will go as far as stealing from three innocent girls.  And he said of course him and William would take the girls home with them(176).  Not only do the Duke and the King steal money from the girls, but they also lie to them about bring them to England just so they can have more money.Free Essays - Development of Theme in Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays Development of Theme in Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Finn         In Mark Twains novel, The Adventures of  Huckleberry Finn, he uses several different themes.  His themes help to portray the meaning and message of the novel.  Twains major theme in the novel is mans inhumanity to man.  He develops this theme through the inhumane actions of Pap towa rd Huck, the dishonesty of the King and the Duke toward the Wilkes girls, and the betrayal of Jim for money by the King and the Duke.         Twain uses the inhumane actions of Pap toward Huck to help develop the major theme of his novel.  Ill take you down a peg before I get done with you (20).  This quote shows how man is inhuman to other men, even if they are related and supposed to love each other.  Pap talks and acts mean towards Huck, even though Huck is his own son.  Not only is Pap mentally abusive toward Huck, but he is also physically abusive toward him. But by and by pap got too handy with his hickry, and I couldnt stand it. I was all over welts(24).  The way that Pap treats Huck shows the inhumanity of man toward other men and helps to develop the major theme of the novel.         The dishonesty of the King and the Duke toward the Wilkes girls also help to develop the major theme of the novel.   The Duke and the King take their cruelty to another level because they steal and lie to the Wilkes girls, who are left all alone with no parents.               And not sell the rest o the property?  March off             like a passel of fools and leave eight or nine             thousn dollars worth o property layin around             jest sufferin to be scooped in?-and all good,             salable stuff, too. (170-171)   The Duke and the King are so inhumane that they will go as far as stealing from three innocent girls.  And he said of course him and William would take the girls home with them(176).  Not only do the Duke and the King steal money from the girls, but they also lie to them about bringing them to England just so they can have more money.

Anomie Essay -- essays research papers

Although America was a confident and optimistic nation in 1917 forrader the introduction of the two major World Wars and the Vietnam War, this no longer is the case today. Wars attain reshaped American history, politically, economically, socially and culturally. Throughout the course of time religious structures have been falling, events such the Great Depression have caused unemployment, divorce and crime pass judgment have skyrocketed and suicide coupled with violence has gained much popularity and acceptance in the news. galore(postnominal) of the rigorous norms once established and followed have been disintegrating, thus providing an avenue for ever increasing chaos with an apparent state of anomie where there are no clear rules to firmly guide society. Inflations and unemployment in America have been great sources of chaos. The fact that wealth has never been evenly distributed has always caused the rebellion and in near cases retreatism posed by sociologist Robert Merton. Today Bushs presidency has caused the jobs of many people. About 113,000 workers have been cut from payrolls since September of last year. In numerous make Bush has said, The slowdown is real and is affecting too many lives. I want the American people to know were deeply concerned about the unemployment rates and we intend to do something about it.", yet he has not developed any new plan to stop unemployment or at most step-down it. This presidential attitude in turn has led many to reject the story that society c...

Passion in Writing for a Purpose :: essays research papers fc

Passion in writing for a PurposeWhen analyzing a written text there are a couple of things to look at. Does the author validate what they are writing? This question can be asked in tramp to figure out the different qualities of the essay itself. How does the author relay the massage? This is another question that can be asked from this analysis. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. explains his center very sympathizeably in his text, The World House. Dr. King provides a lot of information to back his ideas and main thesis. He uses examples when he describes what he wants you to know. He is able to relay his message to the proper audience, which happens to be everyone in the world, but specifically to the African American community when he wrote the piece. He is able to set the tone and keep it from the theme to the end. Dr. King is able to use audience, tone and language to relay his message.A family unduly separated in ideas, culture, and interest, who, because we can never again sou nd apart, must(prenominal) learn somehow to live with each other in peace.(King, 338) The key here is to live with the people around you no matter what the differences between the people are. Whether the people in the house are of all different religions, cultures, ethnicities, and sexes, they must all be able to live together because they can not live without each other. He then mentions a citing from the Bible, where Moses is trying to free his people. Let my people go, says Moses, towards the pharaoh. (King, 340) This quote relates to his thesis and why he is writing this essay. Moses says this in hostel to let his people be free to live with everyone else and to be treated equal just like Keeno 2everyone else was at the time. It was their God given theatrical role to be able to be free without restraints. He says that we shall all be able to live together because we are supposed to. This is effective for his audience to understand because they know the Bible. Also, he is a pr eacher so they know that it comes from a credible source when he writes. It is an effective way to quote from the Bible in this case in order to show how he lives his life but even further to explain the power which comes from within him.

Passion in Writing for a Purpose :: essays research papers fc

Passion in writing for a PurposeWhen analyzing a written schoolbook there are a couple of things to look at. Does the author validate what they are writing? This question can be asked in order to material body out the different qualities of the essay itself. How does the author relay the massage? This is another question that can be asked from this analysis. Dr. Martin Luther male monarch, Jr. explains his message very clearly in his text, The World House. Dr. King provides a lot of information to back his ideas and main thesis. He uses examples when he describes what he wants you to hit the sack. He is able to relay his message to the straitlaced audience, which happens to be everyone in the world, but specifically to the African American stack when he wrote the piece. He is able to set the tone and keep it from the beginning to the end. Dr. King is able to use audience, tone and language to relay his message.A family unduly separated in ideas, culture, and interest, who, bec ause we can never again live apart, must mark off somehow to live with each other in peace.(King, 338) The key here is to live with the people around you no matter what the differences between the people are. Whether the people in the house are of all different religions, cultures, ethnicities, and sexes, they must all be able to live together because they can not live without each other. He then mentions a citing from the Bible, where Moses is trying to free his people. Let my people go, says Moses, towards the pharaoh. (King, 340) This quote relates to his thesis and why he is writing this essay. Moses says this in order to let his people be free to live with everyone else and to be treated equal just like Keeno 2everyone else was at the time. It was their God given quality to be able to be free without restraints. He says that we shall all be able to live together because we are supposed to. This is effective for his audience to understand because they know the Bible. Also, he i s a preacher so they know that it comes from a credible source when he writes. It is an effective way to quote from the Bible in this encase in order to show how he lives his life but even further to explain the power which comes from within him.

Cola Wars Bottling vs Concentrate Essay

Compare the economics of the stick out business to that of the bottling business Why is the profitability so distinct? The returns received by concentrate producers differ from those received by bottlers for several thinks Concentrate producersCapital investment. Concentrate production business is less capital intense than bottling. It requires less funds to be invested in machinery, labor and modernization. A typical concentrate manufacturing plant cost about $25 trillion to $50 one million million to build, and one plant could serve the entire United States (Yoffie, 2007). The number of significant costs is small. The major ones are advertising, Market Research and product development. However, concentrate producers tended to use large number of people to work with bottlers and their suppliers to ensure quality control and efficiency of production as well as reli fit supply of stinging materials (e.g. cans) and low legal injurys (Yoffie, 2007). Franchising. The concentr ate producers work using the principle of franchising. It means that bottlers pay them in order to become part of the bottling network and are granted the sales operation in an exclusive geographic territory(Yoffie, 2007) Concentrate price. Coca-Cola was able to determine its concentrate prices since 1987 when the Master Bottling Contract was established. Pepsis Master Bottling contract was a bit different to Cokes as it obliged bottlers to purchase raw materials from Pepsi at prices, and on terms and conditions, determined by Pepsi. They based the price of the concentrate on CPI and negotiated it with bottlers. From the 1980s to the early 2000s, concentrate makers regularly raised concentrate prices, even as inflation-adjusted retail prices for CSD products trended downward, another reason for greater returns in concentrate production business. As brand promotion was very strong and formula was always kept a secret the solid thing with concentrate was kind of exclusive, so it gr eatly added towards the price of the concentrate itself and, as the result, towards the returns of concentrate producers (Yoffie, 2007). Raw materials. Concentrate producers required fewer raw materials and their major spending were on caramel coloring, citric acid, caffeine and natural flavorings. Bottlers, on the other hand, required large number of production materials. Their major inputs werepackaging (e.g. cans, glaze over bottles etc.), as well as sweeteners (e.g. aspartame). This process helped concentrate makers reduce the outflow of money which step-upd their profitability (Yoffie, 2007). BottlersDependency. Bottlers were always very dependent on concentrate producers as they were obliged to buy raw materials from them (Pepsi Master Bottling Agreement). They were also very dependent on suppliers of packaging, flavours and sweeteners. As the price of the concentrate rose, bottlers could not react in the same way and accessiond the price of the final product as they were b eing squeezed by other suppliers of different beverages. These factors contributed to lower returns in bottling business. Bottling is a some(prenominal) more capital intensive industry than concentrate production. It requires huge investment and on-going improvement and modernization of bottling lines. Large bottling plant with a capacity of 40 million cases, could range as high as $75 million (Yoffie, 2007). High competition. The number of bottlers is much greater than the number of concentrate producers, so the competition took stain between them was fierce. There were approximately 2000 bottlers in 1970s and the figure dropped to less than 300 by 2004. Ongoing modernization and increasing capacity was required from bottlers (which were very much small and family-owned) and not all of them could meet those requirements, so their number dropped. High competition ensures that returns are solidly low, only enough to survive Investments. Besides investments in modernization, bottl ers bought trucks for transporting and established the distribution channels. It all required some investments as well. Bottlers gross profits routinely exceeded 40%, but operating margins were usually in the 7% to 9% range (Comparative Costs of a Typical U.S. Concentrate Bottler and Producer). Stability. The returns received by bottlers are less than returns received by concentrate producers due to the put on the line levels as well. The concentrate producers are responsible for brand promotion and invest heavily in trademark to stimulate sales. High returns are what they get as the result. However, bottlers have little risk in their operations as they are given the famous name well-known all over the world. This development provides them with immutable returns, and low risk.How has the competition between Coke and Pepsi affected the industrysprofit? The competition between Coke and Pepsi reached its peak to become a real war battle by the year 1980. This war had affected the ind ustry profit for both concentrate producers and bottlers, while the notion of bottlers was much higher. After the sure-fire Pepsi Challenge (blind taste tests sales shot up) in 1974, Coke countered with rebates, retail price cuts and significant concentrate price increases. Pepsi followed of a 15% price increase of its own. During the early 1990s bottlers of Coke and Pepsi employed low price strategies in the supermarket channel in order to compete with store brands. The concentrate producers were always able to increase their profits by increasing the concentrate price, while the bottlers, especially the small-sized, had to suffer from the war dramatically by decreasing their profits. This had a negative effect on the profitability of the bottlers (Operating income in 2009 concentrate producers 32%, bottlers 8%). During this period net profit for bottlers was in the low single digits. The war forced bottlers to increase their advertising and packaging proliferation, giving discou nts for shelf space and spending high capital on new products. Pepsi and Coke were however able to maintain the profitability through sustained growth, for example the successful launch of Diet Coke by Coca Cola or the entry of Pepsi into the food business, which both contributed puissant to the companies and as a result to the industrys profit.

Cement Industry Essay

In at onces world of rapidly increasing competition, firms atomic turn of events 18 selling goods and work through a variety of direct and indirect channels. In mass publicise, marketers argon exploring pertly forms of conversation, such(prenominal) as experimental, entertainment and viral marketing. passe-partout denote is the means to break clutter in such young forms it admirers Differentiation, Recognition, Rec every(prenominal) and Persuasion in an centreive manner.Creativity in advertizement involves disciplined thinking and requires the originative person to think differently within specific constraints. The advertizing project is a complex exercise that that consumes a cluster of effort, cost and time from different experts in the group which requires every part of the project go to be substantially-studied, documented and well planned. A lot of look for needs to get conducted ab egress the audience, merchandise and media of the advertizing. Increasing sales is not the precisely goal of the announce decision and could also involve introducing a newproduct, delivering the product mess succession, etc.The some significant aspect of the creative advertising process is the desire and the creative ideal. Advertisers use different ways of thinking via several(prenominal) types of creative strategies to promote publicity, public relations, personal selling and sales promotion. One such creative advertisement shift is the Vodafones ZooZoo ads which caught the fancy of the consumers and helped the company snap off its own entity in a splendid and innovative manner.The advertising landscape has experienced dramatic change over the past several years and as the advertising medium gradually shifts to the digital platform, agencies ar finding new ways to connect with the customers and build their vanes. This media confluence is one of the fore well-nigh challenges of creative advertising as the advertisers have to reinvent the mass message model, help consumers tell stories, play in an evolving arena and develop talent with creative vision.INTRODUCTIONAdvertising has long been viewed as a method of mass promotion in that a single message fundament reach a large number of slew. But, this mass promotion approach presents problems since many exposed to an advertising message whitethorn not be within the marketers target market, and thus, may be an inefficient use of promotional funds. However, this is changing as new advertising technologies and the emergence of new media outlets offer much options for targeted advertising. Advertising also has a history of being considered a one-way form of marketing communication where the message receiver is not in position to immediately respond to the message.In fact, it is expected that over the next 10-20 years advertising allow move away from a one-way communication model and be semen one that is super interactive. An opposite characteristic that may change as adve rtising evolves is the view that advertising does not stimulate immediate demand for the product advertised. That is, customers cannot quickly acquire a product they see advertised. But as more media outlets allow customers to interact with the messages being delivered the mightiness of advertising to quickly stimulate demand allow improve.It is estimated that worldwide spending on advertising exceeds (US) $400 billion. This level of spending supports thousands of companies and millions of jobs. In fact, in many countries most media outlets, such as television, radio and newspapers, would not be in business without revenue generated through the sale of advertising. Most organizations, large and small, that rely on marketing to create customer interest are engaged in consistent use of advertising to help meet marketing intents. However not every advertisement achieves its objective as the consumer is subjected to unnumberable ads daily in newspapers, television, billboards, webs ites, etc.Therefore those Ads which catch customers attention have something unique which discharges thus interesting and unforgettable. The majority of copywriters agree that creative thinking is extremely important in ads and it usually works more effectively in catching the interest of pot/customer than all other techniques direct together. The originality of the idea or ad makes it more recognizable and is able to beat the competition. Creativity is the marriage of imagination and execution, thinking and doing. Creativity in the context of todays world is underpinned by the fact that almost anything is possible given technology and platform advances. Technology is changing behavior, notwithstanding ideas and how we tell the stories are everything this is how we entice behavior. Its more or less the idea and the story, not simply the devices or technologies, which create great and enduring ideas and are the hallmark of productive Advertisements.ABOUT ADVERTISING translat ion of Advertising Advertising is defined differently by different authorities and the institutions dealing with the subject of advertising. The American merchandise Association defines advertising as the position of announcements and persuasive messages in time or space purchased in any of the mass media by business firms, nonprofit organizations, government agencies, and individuals who seek to inform and/ or persuade members of a particular target market or audience to the highest degree their products, services, organizations, or ideas.Purpose of Advertising Through advertising, one can stagger the message very effectively. Within few routines the message can be disseminated to masses.The basic purpose of advertising for commercial advertisers is to identify and differentiate one product from another in order to persuade the consumer to buy that product in preference to another.Non-commercial advertisers (political parties, interest groups, religious organizations and gover nmental agencies) use advertising to educate people for their cause.Major closes before committing for any advertising ladder Like other area of marketing management, decision- devising is necessary in advertising. This relates to 5Ms mission, money, message, media and measurement.Mission What are the advertisement objectives? Decision in regard to mission is a basic one as other decisions are to be adjusted as per the mission or objective or purpose of advertising decided. It can be Introduction of new product or service, or information about new take ins, repositioning of the stigmatize or just reminder campaigns etc.Money How much money to be spent. Advertising is costly and companies have to spend billions of dollars for this purpose. Advertising objectives determine the undeniable budget.Message What is the message to be sent? Positive results depend on message. It should be attractive and meaningful. Its the job of the creative copywriters and artists. Message can be com municated by written words, pictures, slogans and so on.Media What kind of media to be employ. Selection of media depends upon cost, coverage, effectiveness and budget in hand. Wrong decision on media may make advertising ineffective and money spent will be wasted. The steps here are deciding on desired Reach, Frequency and Impact.Measure How are the results to be determined? Evaluation of advertisement in order to judge its effectiveness. The post advertising sale is one major consideration. The other consideration is visibility of the advertisement. go involved in influencing customer decision There is a very famous principle in ad world called as AIDA principle, which describes the steps that a prospective customer goes through before deciding to buy.AIDA stands for A- Awareness, I- Interest, D- desire and A- Action. Awareness Ad should surprise the customer. Interest This is usually where benefit phrases come heavily into play. inclination Third step, customer realizes that product is good and beneficial. Action- The fourth stage occurs when the prospect decides to take Action and become a customer.HISTORY OF ADVERTISINGHistory of ads can be traced back to 3000-4000 BC. There are signs that Romans used to announce gladiator fights by painting on the protects. Egyptians used papyrus to make sales messages and wall posters. Commercial messages and political campaign displays have been found in the ruins of Pompeii and ancient Arabia. Lost and found advertising on papyrus was unwashed in antiquated Greece and Ancient Rome.Active advertising in print media started in late 19th century. 20th century has witnessed evolution of advertising through unhomogeneous media. The concept of creativity in advertising was not discussed much until the 1960s, when a sea change in the way of producing advertising commuteed the field forever. The central feature of this Creative novelty was that creativity came to be abide byd over the formulas and research that pr eviously drove the production of ads. Creative teams, a mainstay of nearly all agencies since the 1960s, did not exist prior to that time. The reigning paradigm was reason the why advertising that spoke to consumers in terms of unique selling propositions (USPs).The Creative Revolution changed not yet the ground rules for making advertising, but also the kinds of people who were recruited into the business. The preeminence of creativity over formulaic advertising was strongly articulated and the effect was to place creativity before the other services of an advertising agency market research, media analysis, and other support functions.CREATIVE ADVERTISINGTo really stand out in the crowd, an ad concept has to be really out of the box, something that intrigues an audience or at least make them look twice. There is no second chance at making a good first impression. With both online and offline advertising you only have seconds to catch the attention of your consumers. If that doesn t happen, your ad campaign is considered a failure.Todays advertising message moldiness be better planned, more imaginative, more entertaining and more rewarding to customers. Inclusion of creative ideas (original, novel, out of box and expedient ideas) in the ad campaign is called creative advertising. Creative advertisements are made not only to sell the product but to entertain the target audience.Creativity in advertising does not arise in a vacuum it requires a certain degree of both planetary association and field-specific knowledge. This is clearly true if we think of creativity as a form of innovation we cannot know what is novel without a sense of what is already know in any area. The ads impact depends not only on what it says, but often more important, how it says it execution is decisive and this is the crux of Creative Advertising.TYPES OF CREATIVE STRATEGIESCreative Strategies are used in order to obtain consumer attention and provoke shoppers to purchase or use a specific product. Creative Strategies promote publicity, public relations, personal and sales promotion. Creative strategies are divided into three basic formsWeak Strategies Generic and Pre-emptive strategies describe the two weakest forms of advertising that were most popular through the 1940s. A generic strategy gives a product attribution. Consumers arent learning anything new about the product. It enhances the product in no other way. A pre-emptive strategy is a form of advertising that makes a generic claim stronger.Middle Strength Strategies Unique positioning and Brand Image are the two types. This proves that something about your product is truly unique. This is commonly found when producers take an average product and add a new, unique element to it. In brand image, an advertiser is not trying to create rational thinking. This type of advertising strives to create emotion and give a brand a personality. A common way of doing this is by employ a celebrity as a spokesperso n.Strong Strategies Affective and resonance advertising are the two types. Making people feel really good about a product is called affective advertising. This is difficult to do, but often humor and an honest character can make affective advertising possible. Resonance advertising is a way of identifying with consumers. If an advertiser can create a campaign that certain target markets identify with, then resonance advertising has been achieved.FUNDAMENTALS OF CREATIVE ADVERTISINGThe Fundamentals of Creative Advertising provides an understanding of how to create and produce ad campaigns. The focus is on the various media available, the thinking and planning buttocks the campaign, the creative legal skeleton, and the creative solution and execution of the ad campaign.Market research underpins virtually all of the decisions made at the campaign planning stage. Through market research both the leaf node and the agency are better able to understand the marketplace, identify and prof ile the target audience, taste their creative ideas, choose the most appropriate media form and, finally, evaluate the success of the campaign. The client will normally provide basic and initial research about the target market and audience in the client brief, which is then supplemented by research undertaken by the agency.Having received the brief from the client, the creative ad team must now take all the knowledge that they have and use it to develop a campaign that will meet the requirements of the brief. They need to look closely at all the information they have been given and understand what it really means. Thecreative ad team must also identify any gaps in their knowledge that can be filled through market research.The Creative BriefRole of the briefA creative ad team will transform a client brief into a creative brief. Together they will develop an advertising strategy based on the information supplied in the client brief and the supplementary research undertaken. The camp aign strategy is then articulated in the creative brief, which is approved by the client.Developing the briefBefore the creative brief can be formulated, the objectives of the advertising campaign have to be identified, together with a strategy for achieving those objectives. It is important to remember that the advertising medium itself is only one part of the communication strategy, which in turn is part of the overall marketing strategy. As such, the broader marketing strategy has to be considered before the creative brief can be formulated.The Creative ConceptThe creative teamAt the heart of every successful advertising campaign is the creative concept. The task of having an original concept, and a range of ideas allied to this concept, is in the hands of the creative team. The best creative teams have the capacity to be both original and fluent when it comes to generating such ideas. In other words, it is not just about having a novel ideaits about having lots of themResearch a nd FamiliarizationThe way the creative brief is written and its contented can be an important trigger for your ideas and will also provide an important point of focus in terms of advertising objectives who you are talking to, what you want to say to them, and how you want them to respond. For this reason it is best to keep referring back to the brief every so often during the creative process to make sure that you are staying on track.Idea Generation (Ideation)The secret to having good ideas is to have lots of ideas to choose from. The more ideas, the greater the chance, that there will be few winners among them. Quantity equals quality, so dont hold back and pre-judge your ideas, just have lots of them the wilder the better Wild ideas may be unusable in their raw state, but they can provide a springboard to a better idea as they can help you to see things from a different emplacement.Once the basic campaign concept for the advertisement has been formulated and agreed by the clie nt, its down to the creative team to coordinate its execution. In conventional creative partnerships, the copywriter will write any body copy so that the message is conveyed in a punchy and memorable way, using the correct tone of voice to evoke the right mood or provoke the desired reaction. The art director will be responsible for crafting the advertisements making sure that they look visually strong and have a consistency of layout and composition across the campaign. Crucially, they must also exude and reflect the brand harbors. role model OF A CREATIVE ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNCreative ad campaigns instill a sense of awe and marvel in the people they target. They cause us to stand back and wonder, How did the brand even come up with that? When a brand gets an ad campaign right, they stand out amongst the myriad of typical, hackneyed, and lackluster ads that rain cats and dogs us daily. Just like the Vodafone ZooZoo ads.Vodafone is known for its unique advertisement campaign such as pug, happy to help service and the ZooZoo advertisement campaign. As Vodafone was a new brand in India, it had a challenging task to develop its own entity. The previous name of this Indian company was associated with a pug. Vodafone decided to come with a new persona for itself, so the people of the country can associate it with the company. The company came with a brilliant persona for itself, which was very apt for it, The ZooZoo.With 25 such commercials planned, releasing one a day, to sustain interest till the end of the IPL SEASON 2.HaritNagpal, chief marketing officer, Vodafone India explains, the brand was in need of an idea that would work doubly hard, as it was planning to spend some four months worth of marketing monies in one month ZooZoo are advertisement characters promoted by Vodafone during the Indian Premier League Season 2. O&M experimented with several characters and finally ZooZoo was born as a completely Indian concept. The name had to be catchy, funny and m emorable, though the name actually never pops up in any of the communication.Zoozoos are white creatures with ballooned bodies and egg heads who were used to promote various value added services of Vodafone. Each ad used a story which was enacted by the Zoozoos. These ads though look animated are actually real humans in the ZooZoo costumes. The ZooZoo advertisements were created in South Africa by Ogilvy & Mather, an international advertising, marketing, and public relations agency and Nirvana Films. Ogilvy &Mather were asked by Vodafone to create a series of 3D advertisements which could be expose each day during the IPL Season 2. They spent near Rs. 30 million to make these advertisements. The campaign created the buzz both in the traditional media as well as in social networking sites like Face book and Twitter and video sharing website, YouTube.Zoozoos are part of a unique and innovative advertisement strategy aimed at outdoing the strategies of Vodafones competitors. By the me ans of ZooZoo, Vodafone has tried to represent an image of the urban common man who is the main drive force behind the increased usage of telecom & VAS services in the tele-communication industry. Through ZooZoo characters they have tried to showcase how the various offers by Vodafone can be useful for an urban common man. What Vodafone did was they projected the usage of their VAS services through various advertisements based on different themes as per the product (VAS) that they were offering.The various services offered by Vodafone such as chota recharge, group SMS service, busy alert service, fashion tips, recharge anywhere, bhakti songs, stock alert, voice SMS etc were shown to the viewers not by normal advertisement ways but through some funny & catchy ZooZoo ads which were successful in immediately drawing the attention of urban population including all age groups. Each of the advertisement was specific to one particular VAS service & revolved around the same to make the cust omer understand the service.Because of the uniqueness & magnet of these Zoozoos, Vodafone was able to draw the attention of the audiences quickly towards these ads which became soon very popular & thus the VAS offered by Vodafone.The success of ZooZoo is the success of minimalism and simplicity. As a part of a unique and innovative advertisement strategy which was being tried for the first time in India, the ZooZoo also generated tremendous mass call forth through the internet. The ZooZoo campaign has been able to generate a lot of curiosity among the viewers. The fan club of ZooZoo touched to several million and various interactive quizzes came up in these days as evident in the wallpapers and screensavers in the cell phones.All these transformed into a great viral marketing event. Another important advantage is that it involves very low cost in the implementation of the ZooZoo campaign and this amount as compared with the benefits it generated was infinitesimal. There is no cele brity required as a brand ambassador, unlike the campaigns being run by its competitors like Airtel and Idea, which resulted in a dual advantage.ZooZoo advertisements helped Vodafone increase its customer base by 3.8 % in the initiatory quarter of 2010. The reason behind the Zoozoos becoming so famous is its familiarity with the cartoons which people used to watch as kids and invokes pleasant memories and fantastical world people used to live as children. It also does not produce bias of any kind (class, creed, religion etc) and hence this advertising strategy of Vodafone has been able to capture the imagination of millions across the country.The ad campaigns have given Vodafone a new look that will go a long way in further up(a) its brand image. The commercials have hit the Indian market like storm and will now probably go into history as one of the most brilliant advertising idea for the industry and the results it achieved are instructive for marketers and advertising agencies. Vodafone has benefited immensely from this campaign as the Zoozoos have become a brand in themselves. The creativity in the advertisement campaign caught the attention and fancy of the consumers, aroused curiosity, told stories and made people retell the story. In their remarks about the brand, the campaign achieved a rum success.We are all familiar with the standard measures of advertising effectiveness memorability, message comprehension, persuasion and likeability. However, getting people to talk and discuss the advertising gives it a multiplier factor effect that helps to reach and impact more people than before. As the media gets more cluttered and expensive and viewers get cynical about the message, there is a need for advertising to be spoken about to make the brand and its messaging more impactful. It is not just traditional 360 degrees integrated communication by using multiple media to bombard the consumers with the message. Rather effective advertisement is all about d eveloping creative content that naturally lends itself into being talked about and thus gets present in multiple media.CREATIVE ADVERTISING IN DIGITAL WORLDAs consumers spend more time online, they have more control over traditional advertising vehicles, and chose to create and share their own content. As a result, some advertisers are evolving to a confluence culture where traditional methods of work must adapt to embrace the new reality of interactive content, emerging media, and production/consumption methods. Confluence culture thus suggests that agencies as units and the advertising profession as a whole face numerous challenges to their traditional ways of operation as they grow and morph and react to cultural shifts, particularly when it comes to creativity and ideas. synergetic creativity is built around engagement, and it recognizes that people are inherently social and look to create and maintain relations not only with other people but also with brands. Brand stories, bo th in traditional media and online, provide ways for advertisers to engage consumers more deeply with their brands. An engagement perspective changes the view of a brand from a transactional perspective, in which a brand addresses a transient need, to an interactional perspective, by which the brand story becomes part of a persons own story about him or herself.The act of consuming media online has become synonymous with the act of producing media. Many online users are not content with accessing and viewing or listening to content from established sources rather, they want to interact with message content by adding to it or repurposing it for new and different uses. Some traditionally closed models of information distribution (e.g., Web pages) therefore have given way to new, open models. These new systems, including the social media sites Facebook, MySpace, and YouTube, enable consumers to distribute content that they create. Interactive creativity therefore involves providing con sumers with the tools they need to be creative themselves.To promote its new line of coffees, McDonalds developed a site where visitors could create their own coffee ring snowflakes. On the CNN site, consumers can select news headlines to make into t-shirts, branded with the CNN logo. In each of these settings, the brand becomes the base for the creative product, and the time spent on the sites during the creation process allows brand registration to occur. Participation suggests that brand stories actually are created and disseminated in a partnership between advertiser and consumer.Leaders in the confluence culture will be those creative strategists who have an understanding of all aspects of the advertising process and use creative skills to solve brand problems. These individuals-nimble, digital, and vigilant for new challenges will be able to consider the stories people tell, craft resonant brand narratives, and help clients use these stories to connect people to brands in ne w and exciting ways. Agencies embracing the creative strategist approach will be poised to provide outstanding messages for clients, protect against economic downturns as clients embrace the value of such messages, and find even more innovative ways to communicate.CONCLUSIONCreative Advertising comes with its own set of challenges, particularly when it comes to harnessing the power of creativity so that the message gets conveyed in an appropriate manner keeping the holistic vision of the brand into context. The real success of an ad campaign for its creativity can be measured by evaluating the sophistication level of below parameters* Time and Space consumed* Superiority over competition* Distinguish Products* Influence customers* Was it Eye Catchy* cerebrate with the Values of Target AudiencesAdvertising is an exciting field and the industry is constantly changing to provide new challenges and creative problems to solve. The true test of creativity is the ability to adapt to chang e, and consistently find new and original solutions. Advertising is likely to play a crucial role in marketing products and services for the predictable future, but the opportunities offered by new technology and media provide a much broader canvas for advertisers and creative teams.REFERENCES1. Marketing Management Kotler, Keller, Koshy, Jha2. Advertising in Rural India Language, Marketing Communication, and Consumerism Bhatia3. What is Advertising? Advertising & Society Review 6, no. 3 (2005)4. The fundamentals of Creative Advertising by Ken Burtenshaw, Nick Mahon & Caronine Banfot5. Inclusive Branding by Klaus Schmidt & Chris Ludlon. 6. Zenith International Journal of Business Economics & Research7. Rediff.com Business The Magic of the Zoozoos8. Wikipedia Creative Strategies

Who Am I Presentation

The social categories I can identify with are African Americans, European Americans (Whites), and Nigerian Americans. I can identify with African Americans because I am an African American. I can identify with Whites and Nigerian Americans because I take hold reported genuinely closely with both these racial and ethnic groups. The term African American refers to individuals who are residents of the U. S. A. , usu each(prenominal)y raised here, who are of African ancestry, whereas the term Black is much general and can refer to anyone of African ancestry, including recent immigrant (Education. byu. edu, 2012).African Americans make up active 14% of the population in the linked States (Education. byu. edu, 2012). The ancestors of African Americans were brought to the Americas against their impart and enslaved by Whites. They were forcibly taken to Spanish and English colonies in America where they were enslaved and treated as inferiors. For more than two centuries, African Ameri cans suffered from sla rattling and segregation solely continued to have hope (Education. byu. edu, 2012). My ancestors used Religion, mostly Christianity, and Gospel music to help them cope and forget about their suffering for a certain extent of time.Believing in God and singing old Negro spiritual songs, gave them hope that one day they would be free and able to live among and be equal to other races. Blacks were forbidden to attend the same schools as whites, use the same restrooms as whites, ride the front of the bus, vote or go anywhere white people were. The struggle for freedom was a very long and difficult one. Once the NAACP was formed in 1909, they aimed to abolish segregation and discrimination against blacks ( encyclopedia Britannicas Guide to Black History, 2013). African Americans have come a very long way from slavery days. No one would ave ever believed that the United States of America would one day see a Black President elected for non one, but two terms. Altho ugh we have a come a long way, we still have a long way to go. Prejudice and discrimination still exists in the world today. Many people discriminate against Blacks because of the stereotypes that were created about them and the way they are portrayed on television in the news. Blacks were most cognise for be religious, cooking soul food, being athletic and singing. Today, Blacks are kn consume for being criminals and violent, being drug addicts and alcoholics, being poor, uneducated, jobless and unhealthy.Although all of these things exist among all races, it seems that they are more prevalent among Blacks. When Blacks commit crimes, they are plastered all over the news. But when Whites or another race commit a crime, it is kept quiet unless it is a high profile case. For example, when the young eight form old Jewish boy, Leiby Kletzky, from Brooklyn was found in the refrigerator of another Jewish man from their own community, the story was kept under wraps. Before the police d etect the boys body it was a high profile case, then all of a sudden when it was found out to be one of their own kind, the story was no longer in the news.I have worked with Nigerian Americans for over eleven years. I must say that my experiences with Nigerian Americans have not always been good. From what I have learned, they seem to be rude, they think they are inferior to Blacks and Hispanics but they fear the Whites. Most of them are Catholic, they eat foods that seem to have a foul odor, and they speak their own language. I found this to be interesting because I became close friends with two Liberian Americans and they seem to be alone different from Nigerian Americans both in their appearances and their behaviors. Liberians seem to be very polite, clean, and pleasant people.They only speak English, although they have a very heavy dialect when speaking amongst each other because they speak very fast. Liberian women seem to be smaller in stature and dress very nice in America n clothing. Nigerian women are very large with large hands and feet, they appear darker, they wear their African clothing often and they do not deal out too much about appearance. Most Africans do not consider themselves to be African Americans. They do not consider themselves or their ancestors to be a part of the slavery era (Encyclopedia Britannicas Guide to Black History, 2013).I always believed that everyone from Africa was the same until I began working with them. Most of them seem to issue spicy food, they eat whole fish with the head still on it, they love rice and they eat some interesting food. Every year, my job has a cultural diversity event where people of all ethnicities and races bring their food for others to experience. I love learning and trying new things, so I break this event to be very informative and helpful in teaching others about different cultures and beliefs. It also allows everyone to get to know others for themselves which makes a healthier work envi ronment.As far as my ancestors being discriminated against, my great (xs 4) grand grow was raped by a slave master and my fathers mother is mixed with Black And White races. My great (xs 4) grandmother was beaten and repeatedly raped. This is all the information my grandmother gave me. My grandmother and all her sisters and brothers are very, very light and fair skinned with beautiful hair. I always wondered why and when I asked her she told me the story about her grandmother and her grandmothers mother being raped during slavery by their White slave masters.ReferencesCultural Groups. (2012). Retrieved from http//Education.byu.edu/diversity/culture.html Encyclopedia Britannicas Guide to Black History. (2013). Retrieved from http//www.Britannica.com/blackhistory

Fiction and Monkey House Essay

The jeering of the Kurt Vonneguts Works that Can be Seen in the pick up in the Monkey House and Who I am this Time. Kurt Vonnegut is one the go around writers in the world. He is one of the post modernisms writers. He is best known as the author of Slaughter-Five. Kurt Vonnegut wrote of satirical novels whose central theme is lifes cosmic joke on military manity. Vonnegut also a science assembly author and he is known as a dystopian writers.Some of his famous works is the appeal of Welcome to the Monkey House and Who am I this Time. Both of the stories tell about lifes cosmic joke on humanity. Now, I bequeath describe about the caustic remark of the Kurt Vonneguts works that can be retardn in the Welcome in the Monkey House and Who I am this Time. Welcome to the monkey house is the collection of the short works by Kurt Vonnegut. And Who am I this Time is one of the collections among the short story in the welcome of the monkey house.Who am I this cartridge clip is told abou t some one who can dawdle many partings in the drama. The narrator is good actor and he is a director too he can play many cites that expected to him and he is a director too, and Harry Nash is the biggest actor that the club has. Firstly, he got a character as a salesman of storm windows and doors, and he said that the highest rank that he ever held on stage was either butler or policeman. After that, the narrator meets with a elegant girl that is Helene Shaw and asks her to play the Stellas character.Harry Nash is good actor too, even somebody said that harry ought to go a psychiatrist so he could be some thing important and colorful in real life. He like lost anything, and one time he said that who am I this time? . When the play of this story, Helena Shaw cannot plays Stellas the character as well as expected to her. And the director searched a new one to play Stellas character. But in the end, she can find the character and can play it well. The narrator said that the part of Stella is yours. And Harry and Helena play the character to poseher.Finally, they married and said one thing to the narrator Who are we this time? . In the Who am I this time, the author made us think to notice the real life and the acting. The author can separate the two worlds but it is like allied. It is the irony that, the character of this story, that is Harry Nash and Helena Shaw can play the character in the play, but they can play their character in the real life. It can be seen when Harry Nash plays the character of Abraham Lincoln, he can make his spouse fall in love with him, as a Harry Nash and as Abraham Lincoln.And in the end of the story, there is an different irony that is when Harry Nash and Helena Shaw get married. They said that who are we this time, it means that they will play many character in their life until they die. There is another story of Kurt Vonnegut that contain of Irony element in the work that is Welcome to the monkey House. Welcome to the monk ey house is containing of irony element too. In this story, sex which is the natural behavior of human is forbidden by the government.Welcome to the monkey house told about the condition in the future which is the world has over population. This is the time when the population of the earth is 17 billion human beings. That is too many mammals that big for a planet that small. The nation were virtually packed together like drupelets . And truncheon the Poet who is a individual who refused the good birth- say-so pill, so, he will got the penalty for that that is $10. 000 and ten years in jail. The world government makes a two-pronged to attack on overpopulation. whizz pronging is the encouragement of ethical suicide, which consist of going to the nearest suicide parlor and asking a hostess to kill us painlessly while we lay on Barcalounger. The other pronging was compulsory ethical birth control. Billy the Poet does not like to do it, because he think that, sex is the natural desire of human, and it cannot forbidden by government. One day Pete Crocker, the sheriff of Barnstable County, comes to the Ethical Suicide Parlor in Hyannis and announces to the two hostesses working there that Billy the Poet, a nothing head, was about to come to Cape Cod.Billy the Poet is known to be eager to deflowering hostesses, who are all virgins, and to send them smutty poems before he violates them, and one of the hostesses is Nancy McLuhan who is works in Barcalounger. After that, Billy the air comes to Nancy to do a dirty thing. Nancy is repulsed by the whole action and insults Billy the poet. In the end, Billy the poet leaves her alone handing her a bottle of ancient birth control pills which prevent pregnancy but allow sexual intercourse. The label on the bottle says Welcome to the Monkey House.So, the irony in this story is when government forbids their people to having sex, and gives them pills that made them like dying. Whereas, sex is the natural desire of human that ca nnot forbids by the government. It is according with Billy the Port statement to Nancy McLuhan that is one day he will make her understand that sexuality is a part of human nature and must not be suppressed by the Government. In the conclusion, I see that Kurt Vonnegut is the postmodernist writers that give the irony in his works that can be seen in the both of this story.

Quran Essay Essay

Among the innumer competent facts, this writing will contribute twain facts only First, the volume contains many scientific facts that ar only being found out recently. The Qurans lingual style is far superior then any other gradation of writing. Without a doubt workforce have negated and contested the truth and revelation from God including the Quran revealed to prophet Mohamed (s totally(prenominal)ahu alahi wa salaam). For that reason, men in their objection and inexorable behavior suggested that the Quran is war cry of Mohamed or the Quran is created by Mohamed such statement is a elbow room from the truth.Undoubtedly there are other verses in the Quran related to human development that will be understood in the future as our knowledge increases. In the Quran, Allah (subhanahu wa tala) in addition speaks about the Cerebrum ( ) ( ) (Nay If he (Abu Jahl) ceases not, We will catch him by the forelock (the front part of the brain excessively known as the prefront al lobe) (15) A lying, sinful forelock (9615-16) why does Allah describe the front part of the brain to be lying and sinful?In recent research scientists have found out that the prefrontal lobe very controls a persons decision making, cognitive behavior, personality expression, and moderating social behavior (Yang, Y Prefrontal structure). This part of the brain also deals with the creation of procedures and actions (Miller, Earl the prefrontal cortex). This shows that the prefrontal lobe is the part of the brain that may engage in sinful behavior and entices someone to lie or not. This also shows that the Quran does confirm scientific facts and there is no way an unlettered nomadic Arab man5 in the seventh speed of light could have known these facts.The pagan Arabs of the 7th century were for the most part isolated from the two great empires6 at that time. The two empires did not waste their time in conquering the vast Arabian deserts because of its plain and unattractive look. The Arabs had nothing, they didnt have any monuments, and they didnt have masterful pieces of art. Therefore the Arabs of Mecca7 were not much of a concern to the two empires as well the two empires were not willing to send their forces through the dangerous deserts. Thanks to this isolation, the Arabs were able to refine their language.After a few centuries, the Arabs had regulate their language into an eloquent language where everyman was known to be a poet. The Arabs prided themselves on their language. So much so, they would have tribal battles not with s lyric poem but rather their tongues and the losing tribe would be shamed. The pagan Arabs marveled at the amazing speech of the Quran. When a person speaks he is able to organize his thoughts, but a person is incapable of organizing their oral communication based on what they are going to say later .For example, there are two ayahs that are very much the same one ayah states theorize (O Muhammad) Allah is enough as a witne ss between me and you. The other ayah states Say (O Muhammad) Allah is enough between me and you as a witness The difference is sequence, in the offset printing ayah Allah says witness first, and me and you later. The Quran is very sensitive to context, at the end of the first ayah Allah says he is the ever all knower, all seer of his slaves. The ayah ends speaking about Allah, the word witness for Allah is used first so therefore the ayah begins with Allah and ends with Allah.While the second ayah ends with speaking about people it uses between me and you first then witness second. So the ayah begins with speaking about people and ends with speaking with people. So what is about to be said in the future has a direct influence on how words are organized before. Humans are unable to do that. Prophet Muhammad (sallahu alahi wa salaam) was never known to be a composer of any types of poetry or any other forms of literature. So when they heard this literature they were amazed. Umar b in Al-Khattab was a great enemy of the prophet.He planned to kill the prophet, but on his way he was informed that his sister had joined the religion. He immediately changed course. Upon arrival he hit his sister. He regretted what he did so asked for the paper she was reading (containing ayahs of the Quran). at a time he read it he immediately went to prophet (sallahu alahi wa salaam) and accepted Islam. Umar bin Al-Khattab was a man that was amazed by the Qurans linguistic style and its strong meaning. This is one of the many men who accepted Islam because of the Qurans amazing speech. The famous Arab grammarian H.Gibb had this to say about the Quran As a literary monument the Koran (referring to the Quran) thus stands by itself, a production unique to the Arabic literature, having neither forerunners nor successors in its own idiom. Muslims of all ages are united in proclaiming the inimitability not only of its contents but also of its style and in forcing the High Arabic idiom into the expression of new ranges of thought the Koran develops a bold and strikingly effective rhetorical prose in which all the resources of syntactical modulation are exploited with great freedom and originality. caper Penrice stated That a competent knowledge of the Koran is indispensable as an introduction to the study of Arabic literature will be admitted by all who have advanced beyond the rudiments of the language. From the purity of its style and elegance of its diction it has come to be considered as the standard of Arabic These two men have an understanding of the linguistic excellence of the Quran. Allah says Do they not then consider the Quran carefully? Had it been from other than Allah, they would surely have found in that many contradictions. (Quran 0482). The Quran contains many palindromes palindromes in many languages can only be done with one word. For example, in the English language the word laundry Car can be written the same backward. In the Qu ran there are entire sentences that are palindromes. For example, in the Quran, Allah says ( ) Magnify your Lord (Allah) (Quran 743) In conclusion, the Quran has impacted the world in many ways.The Quran was not only sent to the desert Arabs but rather it was sent to all of mankind. Allah sends out a challenge, Allah (subhanahu wa tala) says ( ) And if you (Arab pagans, Jews, and Christians) are in doubt concerning that which We have sent down (i. e. the Quran) to Our slave (Muhammad Peace be upon him), then produce a Surah of the like thereof and call your witnesses (supporters and helpers) besidesAllah, if you are truthful. (Quran 223) The Quran is a revelation from Allah and it was revealed upon the tongue of Muhammad (sallahu alahi wa salaam). The Quran contains many scientific facts ranging from embryology to the purpose of the frontal lobe. All of this presented in a beautiful linguistic form, so much so when the Quran is translated into English, the lan guages primitive level is unable to display the Qurans linguistic beauty. This renders the English native unable to appreciate the Quran in a way the pagan Arabs of the 7th century were able.The Quran reaches the top level of eloquence in the Arabic language as well as other languages. The idea of Muhammad (sallahu alahi wa salaam) being able to go from being a unlettered man to the top author in the Arabic language is impossible on all plains of reality. Therefore, the only pellucid reason to say is that Muhammad (sallahu alahi wa salaam) has received revelation from the Almighty. QURAN A REVELATION? Name Harun O. G Course GLE20 Teacher Ms. Vacar Date April 09, 2011 1sallahu alahi wasalm means two-eyed violet be upon him 2 Allah is the Arabic word for God and is preferred(to Muslims) 3 subhanahu wa tala means glorified and exalted be he(Allah) 4 Ayat this is the plural version of Ayah, this word does not have a direct translation in English but the closest one is verse. In other places in the Quran ayah means signs. 5 According to sources Prophet Muhammad (sallahu alahi wasalm) was a illiterate man 6 Persian and Roman empire 7 Is found in Saudi Arabia and is the holiest city for Muslims

Differential Association Theory Essay

1. Differential Association theory would explain the burglars behavior by first looking at at their social structure. Their social structure stand affect everything it can influence their close bloods, open them up to objective opportunities and could be seen as the of import attribute that affects their learning process in behavior. A. Most of the plenty in these interviews are poor, young males with similar social structures. Growing up on the streets and in bad neighborhoods can influence the interactions that each of these people will live with. These interactions can result in definitions favorable to crime because these people are beginning to wall themselves and interact with people who are already doing illegal actions. (Hagan, p.89). In the article it gave an example of how a group of friends may be doing coke and once it runs go forth someone in the group, that has developed their own belief in whats right and whats terms, suggests doing burglary in order to get so me money for more(prenominal) coke. A new person within the group may feel pressure in continuing in order to maintain their status and relationship with the members in the group. Here they are learning new attitudes and accepting new values that are favorable to crime (Hagan, p. 89).The behavior being learned is that burglary can help with any immediate needs and together they rebel a preparest the law. The new member may now start to change what they believe is right and wrong and could begin acting in more frequent illegal actions. These burglars have the belief that burglary is okay because it is a matter of day to day survival. This shows that they have their own interpretation on what they think is right and wrong which is a learned definition favorable to crime. In the interview Wild Will proven this theory by describing that when he is in need of money he thinks to himself, How do I know how to get money quick and easy? He at one point had to have learned that an immediate fix to a bump in the road, which is justified in his mind, is to perform a burglary. Larry Harris would hit when he says that it is just something you have to do to get by. Neither of these men views burglary as something wrong but as something you do in order to survive.B. When it comes to the techniques that people learn in committing crime several burglars said that it is something that you just get better at over time. Wild Will stated that when he goes to intoxicate a house he likes to stake out the house and call it in order to see if someone is home. This may have been a technique he had picked up fromsomeone else that he went and did a burglary with. Several participants in the interview confessed that if they had a friend that had a burglary set up that they would be unbidden to do it with them if given the offer. This is an incident where you could say that a person may have the opportunity to learned new strategies and techniques that have worked for someone else in t he past. some other technique that gets learned on the streets is the ability to maintain and develop status. One of the participants shared that it is mandatory to be perceived as hip. People on the streets learn through interactions with each other what it takes to be hip and be seen as someone with high status. 95% of the participants confessed that they spend the money that they steal on things that give them the image of high-living.During the interview several things were revealed as things to do in order to gain that high status. These burglars can learn these techniques such as doing drugs, having inner partners, the right styles and brands, and a car and car accessories, as things to pursue in order to gain that respected status in the street culture. C. It is already do clear that these burglars live in poor neighborhoods and are living on the streets which give them more objective opportunity than someone that is in a nicer surface off neighborhood. Due to their neigh borhood, it exposes these burglars to people that are promoters to committing crime (Hagan, p.90). Most of these men have also admitted that they are too lazy to maintain a touchable job so sources of income are limited within the household.Because of this most of these participants say that they are acting on illegal action, like burglaries, in order to gain money for food and clothing for their family. As for subjective opportunities not everyone would look at something as an opportunity to commit a crime but Larry William says it trump out in his interview when he is describing what he does when he is in need for money, There it is Theres the house. He automatically looks for a train and sees it as an opportunity to immediately fix his problem whereas another person wouldnt think of that as an option. Another subjective opportunity that these burglars have is the event that their social bonds are also partaking in these acts and so they have multiple opportunities in performi ng a burglary when they are present with more opportunities given by their friends.

Integrity

Danielle Shingleton ideal essay 10/3/10 Integrity We be presented with choices every day. Many argon easy to make and cause very little stress, exclusively some choices can be extremely difficult and have significant consequences. The difference surrounded by making the adjust choice or the wrong wholeness is often determined be a individuals record, which is based upon the qualities of single, responsibility, and sightlyy. Gaining an understanding of these three character traits and how to hit them is critical to creating a lifetime of positive outcomes. verity is the type or fact of be honest.Finding a pen off the floor and giving it to a t separatelyer is honesty. Not keeping the pen was respectful and honest, in come out to reach self actualization and have integrity, you have to have needs met analogous food and water, love and c atomic number 18 from friends and family, especially self confidence. Honesty mean values basing ones actions on an internally consist ent outline of principles. Depth of principles and awe of each level to the next ar make out determine factors. One said to have integrity to the extent t chapeau everything they do and believe is based on the same core set of values.While those values may change, it is their conformity with each different and with the persons actions that determine their integrity. The concept of integrity is directly coupled to responsibility. Responsibility is acknowledging that you atomic number 18 solely responsible for the choices in your life. fetching on a job while still in high school and obligate good grades if very possible. Accepting that you are responsible for what you necessitate to feel or think. Accepting that you can non blame others for the choices you have made.And protecting and nurturing your health and emotional easily being. When a person is perpetrateworthy, he or she can be relied upon to be honest, reliable, and loyal which means they have integrity. But its e qually important to be respectful, responsible, fair, caring, and build good citizenship. Good citizenship can be viewed in legion(predicate) ways. Hitler viewed his actions as reliable, honest, fair, and thought he was demonstrating good citizenship by eliminating a different race. The Nazis saw Hitler as a service piece of music with integrity. We saw Hitler as a feral unfair man without integrity.Good character and integrity are easiest to demonstrate when facing public disapproval, entirely the true test comes when you can potentially get onward with anything because then nothing is at stake but your own conscience. Trustworthy is very corresponding to truthfulness, uprightness, and honor. Truthfulness is when a person consistently tells the truth, and is honest. Honor is the equating of being honorable, and to visualise respect for others. These simple but powerful words are components of integrity. A person of integrity does exactly what he says and says exactly what he means.T here(predicate) is no booking between his thoughts and actions. His actions are consistent with the values he affectes. According to Dr. William Manninger, A building without integrity may receive structural damage, or even collapse, in a storm. Similarly, people without integrity are blown active by the winds of misfortune and destroyed by catastrophes, for they lack the firmness, solidity, and strength of character to weather any storm. This means that integrity is one of the six essential qualities that are the key to success. The other five are sincerity, humility, courtesy, wisdom, and charity.Integrity is about doing what is right quite a than what is appropriate. Not everyone has integrity the family life has a major impact on a persons values and principles. When you have integrity you know it as much as everyone else around you does. Just because someone makes a few simple mistakes here and there doesnt mean they have no integrity. confused integrity is when people get punished, they feel guilty, and lose respect from family and friends. You have a disadvantageously reputation, your actions result in problems, accidents, injuries, even death.You also get other people into trouble, by blaming everyone else but yourself. There are benefits to having high integrity, such as being happy and making other people happy, you have calmness of mind, and no guilt feelings. You feel good or satisfied at having done the right thing. As you gain respect from family and friends, you may become an breathing in to others. A person with integrity will have the courage to say no. give up the courage to face the truth. Do the right thing it is right. These are the magic keys to living your life with integrity. its not what we eat but what we digest that makes us strong not what we gain but what we save that makes us rich not what we read but what we remember that makes us learned and not what profess but what we practice that gives us integrity. A pe rson is not given integrity. It results from the relentless pursuit of honesty at all times. Living with integrity mean Not settling for less than what you know you deserve in your relationships. Asking for what you want and need from others. Speaking the truth, even though it strength create conflict or tension. Behaving in ways that are harmony with your person-to-person values.Making choices based on what you believe, and not what other believes. You cannot become Integridized in one day. In order to have integrity, you have to go through milestones in your life. No one can persuade you to become integridized. Its all personal beliefs and doing the right thing. The volume of integrity comes from the home life. Family and friends play a major eccentric in a persons life. Being though the right things and to be honest and have goals and be true will have more than integrity in life than anyone else. Lets say one day you start out one hundred dollars in your school.Would you keep it, or would you extend to it to the teacher? You dont lie, and you are reliable. You can always be depended on you are trustworthy people are able to put their trust in you. That is integrity, by not keeping the money and turning it in. That little person lecture to you in the back of your head telling you turn it in is part of having integrity According to Mark D. Rasche, in his Biblical Integrity days of value article, let integrity and uprightness preserve me for I hold off on thee. Some have said that integrity can be measured by what a person does when no else is looking.While this may be an indicator of integrity, it is not the real litmus test. According to scripture, the true gauge of a mans integrity is his come acrosst. The military mans evaluates a persons integrity from hat it sees in a mans outward behavior. God strains integrity from what he sees in a mans heart, for every way of a man is right in his own eye but the Lord pondered the hearts. In other w ords, man measure integrity from the outside, and God measure integrity from the inside. I truly believe integrity is not lost in America. Integrity is not effect on the surface you have to dig deep within in to uncover it.You hear all the time people saying the, There are no men of integrity left. This is not true. Men and women of integrity are everywhere. Think about this, how many people pass your car, house, and your place of business each day and do not steal from it? We spend too much time counsel on people without integrity and we forget to celebrate and show gratitude to those who do what is right every day. What you focus you attention and actions on you will receive. If you search the world for examples of people failing you will find all the examples you are looking for.The same is true for those that seek examples of integrity. If you focus your attention on discovering people that do what is right you will find integrity everywhere you look. You might not have to l ook very far to find what you are searching for. Chances are you will only need to look inside yourself. Yourself profit blog, article the most important trait of successful people States that a life lived with integrity-even if it lacks the housings of fame and fortune is a shining star in whose clear(p) others may follow in the years to come says author of article Denis WaitleyIntegrityDanielle Shingleton Exemplification essay 10/3/10 Integrity We are presented with choices every day. Many are easy to make and cause very little stress, but some choices can be extremely difficult and have significant consequences. The difference between making the right choice or the wrong one is often determined be a persons character, which is based upon the qualities of integrity, responsibility, and honesty. Gaining an understanding of these three character traits and how to build them is critical to creating a lifetime of positive outcomes. Honesty is the quality or fact of being honest.Fin ding a pen off the floor and giving it to a teacher is honesty. Not keeping the pen was respectful and honest, in order to reach self actualization and have integrity, you have to have needs met like food and water, love and care from friends and family, especially self confidence. Honesty means basing ones actions on an internally consistent outline of principles. Depth of principles and devotion of each level to the next are key determining factors. One said to have integrity to the extent that everything they do and believe is based on the same core set of values.While those values may change, it is their consistency with each other and with the persons actions that determine their integrity. The concept of integrity is directly linked to responsibility. Responsibility is acknowledging that you are solely responsible for the choices in your life. Taking on a job while still in high school and maintain good grades if very possible. Accepting that you are responsible for what you c hoose to feel or think. Accepting that you cannot blame others for the choices you have made.And protecting and nurturing your health and emotional well being. When a person is trustworthy, he or she can be relied upon to be honest, reliable, and loyal which means they have integrity. But its equally important to be respectful, responsible, fair, caring, and demonstrate good citizenship. Good citizenship can be viewed in many ways. Hitler viewed his actions as reliable, honest, fair, and thought he was demonstrating good citizenship by eliminating a different race. The Nazis saw Hitler as a man with integrity. We saw Hitler as a cruel unfair man without integrity.Good character and integrity are easiest to demonstrate when facing public disapproval, but the true test comes when you can potentially get away with anything because then nothing is at stake but your own conscience. Trustworthy is very similar to truthfulness, uprightness, and honor. Truthfulness is when a person consiste ntly tells the truth, and is honest. Honor is the equality of being honorable, and to show respect for others. These simple but powerful words are components of integrity. A person of integrity does exactly what he says and says exactly what he means.There is no conflict between his thoughts and actions. His actions are consistent with the values he professes. According to Dr. William Manninger, A building without integrity may receive structural damage, or even collapse, in a storm. Similarly, people without integrity are blown about by the winds of misfortune and destroyed by catastrophes, for they lack the firmness, solidity, and strength of character to weather any storm. This means that integrity is one of the six essential qualities that are the key to success. The other five are sincerity, humility, courtesy, wisdom, and charity.Integrity is about doing what is right rather than what is appropriate. Not everyone has integrity the family life has a major impact on a persons va lues and principles. When you have integrity you know it as much as everyone else around you does. Just because someone makes a few simple mistakes here and there doesnt mean they have no integrity. Low integrity is when people get punished, they feel guilty, and lose respect from family and friends. You have a bad reputation, your actions result in problems, accidents, injuries, even death.You also get other people into trouble, by blaming everyone else but yourself. There are benefits to having high integrity, such as being happy and making other people happy, you have peace of mind, and no guilt feelings. You feel good or satisfied at having done the right thing. As you gain respect from family and friends, you may become an inspiration to others. A person with integrity will have the courage to say no. Have the courage to face the truth. Do the right thing it is right. These are the magic keys to living your life with integrity. its not what we eat but what we digest that makes us strong not what we gain but what we save that makes us rich not what we read but what we remember that makes us learned and not what profess but what we practice that gives us integrity. A person is not given integrity. It results from the relentless pursuit of honesty at all times. Living with integrity mean Not settling for less than what you know you deserve in your relationships. Asking for what you want and need from others. Speaking the truth, even though it might create conflict or tension. Behaving in ways that are harmony with your personal values.Making choices based on what you believe, and not what other believes. You cannot become Integridized in one day. In order to have integrity, you have to go through milestones in your life. No one can persuade you to become integridized. Its all personal beliefs and doing the right thing. The majority of integrity comes from the home life. Family and friends play a major role in a persons life. Being though the right things and to be honest and have goals and be true will have more integrity in life than anyone else. Lets say one day you find one hundred dollars in your school.Would you keep it, or would you hand it to the teacher? You dont lie, and you are reliable. You can always be depended on you are trustworthy people are able to put their trust in you. That is integrity, by not keeping the money and turning it in. That little person talking to you in the back of your head telling you turn it in is part of having integrity According to Mark D. Rasche, in his Biblical Integrity days of praise article, let integrity and uprightness preserve me for I wait on thee. Some have said that integrity can be measured by what a person does when no else is looking.While this may be an indicator of integrity, it is not the real litmus test. According to scripture, the true gauge of a mans integrity is his heart. The worlds evaluates a persons integrity from hat it sees in a mans outward behavior. God judges in tegrity from what he sees in a mans heart, for every way of a man is right in his own eyes but the Lord pondered the hearts. In other words, man measure integrity from the outside, and God measure integrity from the inside. I truly believe integrity is not lost in America. Integrity is not found on the surface you have to dig deep within in to uncover it.You hear all the time people saying the, There are no men of integrity left. This is not true. Men and women of integrity are everywhere. Think about this, how many people pass your car, house, and your place of business each day and do not steal from it? We spend too much time focusing on people without integrity and we forget to celebrate and show gratitude to those who do what is right every day. What you focus you attention and actions on you will receive. If you search the world for examples of people failing you will find all the examples you are looking for.The same is true for those that seek examples of integrity. If you focus your attention on discovering people that do what is right you will find integrity everywhere you look. You might not have to look very far to find what you are searching for. Chances are you will only need to look inside yourself. Yourself improvement blog, article the most important trait of successful people States that a life lived with integrity-even if it lacks the trappings of fame and fortune is a shining star in whose light others may follow in the years to come says author of article Denis Waitley

Hrm-595-62172 Negotiation Skills

FIELD ANALYSIS UNDERSTANDING THE KEY PARTIES AND THEIR fictional character IN A NEGOTIATION Instructions For purposes of this assignment, assume that you atomic number 18 the negotiator who is tasked with a salary (on squawk time, step increases, overtime for captains and majors) and benefits (insurance while employed, insurance after retirement, accrual of leave time, retirement multipliers) dispute betwixt a large municipal county with a strong mayor and the sheriffs department for the county. You are negotiating the disregard on behalf of the sheriffs office.The purpose of this activity is to give you an opportunity to construct a field compend on your relationship with a specific other negotiator. This tool should be helpful when negotiators have to work out multiple partieson their own side and on the other sidewho piece of tail affect a negotiation outcome, and whose needs and refers must be considered. YOU/YOUR TEAMOTHER/OTHERS TEAM 1. Who is on my team on the field? (A) Me The Sheriffs office 2. Who is on their team on the field? (B) Large municipal county mayor 3. Who is on my sidelines who undersurface affect the play of the game? (C) Back up players (Captains, Majors, Retirees, Insurance Company, Community Organizations, study Sheriffs Association, Court Agents) 3. Who is on their sidelines who sack up affect the play of the game? (C) Back up players (Unions, Employees, Councilmen/Freeholders, tune Owners) 4. Who is in my stands that are involved and interested, either directly or indirectly? (D) Residents Business Owners Employees Media 6.Who is in their stands that are involved and interested, either directly or indirectly? (D) Residents Business Owners Employees Media 7. What elements outside the stadium have an interest in the game, or scum bag affect our game in positive or negative ways (E) Depending upon how a Sheriff is appointed, an election can +/- affect the rules in our negotiation Change in climate can come from community support and national association lobbying Concession from the mayor and municipality The police department can be a competitor . What elements outside the stadium have an interest in the game, or can affect their game in positive or negative ways (E) Depending upon how a Sheriff is appointed, an election can +/- affect the rules in our negotiation Negative media coverage highlighting the mayor when there may be a large constituency in favor of the Sheriffs point of view, may change the climate new(prenominal) competitors may include a mayoral candidate seeking to gain support and using the negotiations as a platform to garner support

A drama by Arthur Miller Essay

The Crucible is a drama by Arthur Miller wrote in the 1950s. It tells the tail of a small town in America, Salem. This is overcome with mass hysteria witchcraft trials. In the opening scene of the film, Act 1, the handler chooses to go straight to one of the important characters, Abigail. She is the center of the group of girls and the scene moves straight to forest whither the girls are dancing. There is spooky music playing in the background. They start to chant and partake in the work out of witchcraft.Abigail whispers to Tituba (the servant of Rev. Paris and we then find out later that she want John Proctor to deign in love with her. Abigail picks up the chicken and uses it to put a spell on John. The background is colorful and with witchcraft, chanting and music all builds up tension very well. In the original play you do not see the witch craft practiced at the beginning. Instead Author Miller chooses to go stright to a young girl affected by the witch craft Betty (the R ev. Paris daughter) who appears to be in a comma.This is due the girls getting cauter while practicing there witch craft. We find out that Rev. Paris saying the girl in the forest dancing, this called them all to freak out and run around like acephalous chickens and it scared Betty so much that she was now in a comma. Paris say my daughter and my niece I discovered dancing like heathen in the forest Abby denies they were doing witchcraft, she says they where just dancing when her uncle, the Rev. Paris, came along and panic-struck them Betty fainted.In the play Arthur Millers introduction is calm but the film has a spooky, eery and dramatic feeling. Abby is very dominant over the other girls and has a lot of control over them. She is the main character and one of the oldest so she has the most control over them. She seems to sense the girls help littleness and uses this to her advantage by making them copy her when she wants. Tituba become more powerful with every one meet her listen to her every word of what happened in the forest which make her feel more important and less like a slave.In Act 2 in the pace of the play stat to build up as the sentences become small and I found my self read much quicker which seemed to constrain me in suspense building tension. We find out that Abbey has an affair with John Proctor and that his wife knows around this some thing you would not expect from a Nobel man like John. All this seemed to make Abbey a stronger character which may seem odd as Abbey started out as an innocent girl having a bit of fun in the forest.Mary Warren enters the Proctors house suddenly. The sight of here make john Proctor furious. It is very dramatic when he grabs her and shakes her and shouts Ill whip you if you do not dare leave this house again. But the tension drops as Mary Warren goes limp in his grip and claims to be sick. Proctors anger is draining and Marys staye is emphasized when she harbor the limp bring up doll to Elizabeth P roctor. The tension rises very dramatically when proctor finds the needle in the rag doll.

Soc Theory Paper

it is always the doctors patient This paper forget be discussing the struggle of affiliate wellness practitioners to achieve professional status. This wellness issue can be discussed under many different sociological theories however Feminism in particular sociological/ bolshie feminism with touching on post modern feminism also, shows great understanding around the health issues and gives an understanding of the way of health and health care in Australia.It explains how medical dominance in this sector overrights the confederative health professional through subordination the allied health professionals being under calculate authority of doctors in the hospital system in particular. Feminism also shows that in this field Allied health practioners are predominantly woman and medical professionals bobby pin a patriarchy over allied health and the sexual division of the two. Finally closing point of how many womens health issues in sometime(prenominal) and present are again pre dominantly male. checkup dominance, the professional dominance of medicine due to doctors (Fridson 1970). Allied health profressionals struggle to receive professional status in the health industry, due to the fact that doctors and medical professionals hold dominance and power over those knowledge based practioners in an area of a specific field. Medical dominance has a few areas in which it exerts statement, subordination being a key area, it ensures some health care workers Eg Nurses, OTs etc all to work under direct authority of doctors, especially in hospital system (Willis 2004).Sociological feminism looks at the ruling chassis system, Medical professionals hold the hiearchy position or the fastness class level with higher wealth, income funding and power, Allied health is placed in the lower class or the working class due to the fact that they are controlled or dominated by the upper class or the hiarchy or the industry, as they receive less funding and have little contro l over receiving their patients due to the fact that doctors write the referrals for the clients to admission the allied health professionals.Another issues amoungst allied health in the power struggle with medical dominance is the fact that most allied health positions are fill up with females. Because of the informal role of woman was to be the carer ( Germov 2009), a woman is seen to this begun woman gaining positions as nurses or midwives, as these are seen as caring roles or womens jobs which then progessed to woman expanding into allied health positions as the access of education became greater to woman,

Sun Tzu’s Art of War and Business Strategy

The concepts from Sun Zi a Art of War and Business Strategies applied by crossing is capable and effective, so just keep up with those concepts and convergence leave alone do fine in the prospective. Otherwise, they could also apply some of other(a) concepts from Sun Zi to even strengthen their business and to even secure a more(prenominal) stable success from future uncertainties. intersection should open more famous restaurant indoors such as famous retailer shop to attract more customer traffic. overly, they should be discovering more sales promotions to attract customers, such as rebates, premium and so on. This can be done by increasing advertisement in TV to attract more customers. By that, attract workers that they have umteen languages to communicate with customer in dealing with customer with contrastive religious view. One of those concepts from Sun Zi that Carrefour could apply is the To Dictate and Not to Be Dictated concept. The follow needs to create online supply platform, which will have Sears and Oracle.This will allow the fraternitys retailers and suppliers exchange innovative information through the profits system and maximize the flow of products, hence minimizing their administrative costs. Carrefour also needs to embrace technical advances, which will allow the company venture into new commercialises where it can increase its customer base. The marketing strategies, which the company can embrace, include online, viral marketing, and sourcing strategies (Nina, 2008). The company needs to streamline its legal aspects to allow its expanding in Asian markets without any hurdles.Carrefour gains of the utilization of emerging technologies can also come in the form of displace tear and wear on equipment and facilities, which will decrease the importanttenance needed for equipment and facilities (Gehlen & Lasserre, 2005). Carrefour has to show an transcendent capacity to adapt its concept to local business environment across the globe. By internalizing the achievement or reverse of definite initiatives in one business design, Carrefour is capable to transmit the knowledge of this failure or success transversely in all business departments at slim cost to the firm.The company is competent to spread the expertise, which its human capital has gained by sending experts to work side-by-side with local managerial team. This social organization enables the spreading of understanding within the firm both downstream and upstream, therefore, creating value for the whole company (Hoskisson, 2008). Besides that, Carrefour could also apply the Knowing the Battleground and Engagement Time concept. Whereby Carrefour could conduct a survey beforehand to determine what ar the most suitable tactics and strategies to implement in a certain market. This will bring greater result and a swift success could be obtained.Carrefour should seize the opportunity for expansion to other parts of China, specially the second-tier ci ties, which have a high produce authorityity. Since the eastern coastal cities where Carrefour has the majority of the market share are already saturated, there is little value in investing more money in the area. Moreover, it is timely for Carrefour to expand especially when personal income in China has seen a rising trend. This shows that the Chinese consumer market has a high potential for growth, and consumption and demand is likely to increase as disposable income rises.While Carrefours main challenge is increased competition as its major competitors also have plans to expand and seize market share, its resources do give it a competitive advantage. Firstly, its one-stop shopping concept is one-of-a-kind. It recognizes consumers need for convenience and provides for it. Hence, Carrefour should last out to position itself as a company that delivers superior value offering to customers, as well as the place where one can satisfy most of ones needs for products, entertainment a nd other services. Secondly, its management capabilities also give it a competitive advantage over other competitors.Having a decentralised management gives the store managers flexibility to adjust the strategies to meet different local demands and needs in different locations. This allows Carrefour to increase customer value as it narrows down and customizes its strategy to meet the local customers needs. Thirdly, Carrefours low employee turnover rate gives it a cost advantage over its competitors and also raises general confidence level of the company. Our recommendations are relative to the market development and are based on an military rating of the forecast overtake within the coming 12 months.The forecast return is the difference between the watercourse price and our 12-month price target which includes the projected dividend. The equity market has historically yielded a return of well-nigh 10%. When we determine the recommendation for a share we use the 10% as an estimate of the return in the equity market. Since our recommendations are relative and risk-adjusted, it is possible to compare our recommendations across sectors and risk categories. In addition, the potential is stated in absolute terms via our price target. It should be borne in mind, however, that the recommendation is the anchor.A obtain recommendation will remain a buy recommendation until changed, even if price increases have interpreted the price too close to the price target. The future and historical returns estimated in the research report are stated as returns before costs since returns after costs depend on a digit of factors relating to individual customer relations, custodian charges, volume of trade as well as market, currency and product-specific factors. It is non certain that the share will yield the stated expected future returns. The stated expected future returns exclusively express our best assessment.Referenceshttp//designit.com/cases/making-quick-check-scanning- simple http//na-carrefour.blogspot.com/2012/05/recommendation.html http//www.studymode.com/subjects/recommendation-of-carrefour-page1.html http//www.exclusivepapers.com/essays/Informative/carrefour-company.php