Invisible japanese gentlemen Essay

– A group of eight Japanese gentlemen: Most of them wore glasses and most of the time they were smiling. They talked in a not very understandable language. – A beautiful young lady: Blonde hair and pretty girl. She had thin features and a gorgeous face. She looked very sophisticated. – And her fiancà ©: He looked very handsome too. He was very similar to her fiancà ©, he looked from the high socialite. – The Narrator: Physically he is in the setting of the story. The author of this short story made a wonderful description of each of the characters. Physically he is in the setting of the story, sitting in a different table, worried about this particular couple which called him attention. He is looking both tables but he really got interested with the one where the couple was sitting. The observations that are made by the author of the story makes us, as readers more conscious about what is going on with the couple. We can identify their worries, especially the ones of the girl, about her future as a writer and also her concerns about the wedding and their future as a couple. The narrator is sitting at a table, alone, and observes a group of eight Japanese gentlemen having dinner together, and beyond them a young British couple. The Japanese speak q uietly and politely to each other, always smiling and bowing, toasting each other and making speeches in Japanese which the narrator doesn’t understand and describes in patronizing, derogatory terms. Seven of the Japanese gentlemen wear glasses. They eat fish and later a fruit salad for dessert. The Japanese Gentlemen are in the beginning a distractor but then we can realized that are fundamental in this short story. They try to show us an important characteristic of the girl ´s personality. Even though at the beginning of the story she seemed intelligent and a good writer, afterwards we can say that she is not a good writer because she is not a good observer. She is just a girl who is worried about her future and her career but she does not seem like a real writer because she does not have the power to look beyond things. That is why the story is called â€Å"The invisible Japanese Gentlemen† because through her eyes Japanese Gentlemen were nobody they were almost invisible. She was so concerned about her own superficial worries that she left the restaurant and she did not have a look at them. Although they sit farthest away, the narrator catches their conversation. The pretty young woman is a writer The female protagonist is a young woman who has just written her first novel. She is very ambitious and is always trying to please her publisher called Mr. Dwight. In order to be successful she changes the title of her book in accordance to her publisher`s wishes. She probably belongs to the upper classes which becomes obvious in the way she speaks. She is very self- centered, talking all the time about her problems without listening to her fiancà ©e. She is oblivious to his feelings. She has no doubts about her success in the future. Her fiancà © is a wine-merchant who has been offered a well- paid job by his uncle. He only listens to his fiancà ©e and doesn`t mention his own plans and wishes. It becomes obvious that he isn`t sure about marrying her. He is dissatisfied with his situation. He is more cautious about the future. He is a realist maybe, but his fiancà © is not. Writer is both jealous of the girl, because she is at the beginning of s omething and still has the ability to dream her future, and sympathetic, because she’s young enough to be his daughter and he would like to communicate his experience to her so as to preserve her from disappointments .

Effects of Christianity on Behaviour, Attitude and Lifestyle Essay

â€Å"There could be no such things as prison in a truly Christian society.† I think a truly Christian society is based on the life and teaching of Jesus, this means we must follow the 10 commandments and the gospel values. At the heart of Christian society there should be existence of love, forgiveness, mercy, justice to criminals. Jesus’ command was to â€Å"Love your God, Love your neighbour and Love yourself.† By obeying these commandments we are being Christ-like which is what the Christian society is all about. Forgiveness does not mean letting people walk all over you! But it is important. Christianity follows Jesus’ teaching in stressing that forgiveness is vital. It may be very hard, particularly for the victim of a crime. The Prodigal Son was a parable that showed forgiveness. The prison is the means to deliver the punishment, the denial of freedom. The convicted are imprisoned as a punishment, not for punishment. â€Å"Her Majesty’s Prison Service serves the public by keeping in custody those committed by the courts. Our duty is to look after them with humanity and help them lead law abiding and useful lives in custody and after release.† HM Prisons Service’s Mission Statement 1988. Three principles in prison craft: Security- to hold securely those sent to prison. Humanity- to treat prisoners with humanity, prisoners lose their liberty they should not lose their humanity. They are still human beings with the rights that their nature awards them. Assistance- to help make prisoners law abiding and give them useful lives. Prison can exist in a truly Christian society but not always, poor prison conditions do not lead to reform, they only serve to make prisoners worse. To become better people they need first and foremost their dignity, remember Jesus’ command to love self, this means having a good self-esteem. Prisoners have a right to feel safe, the opposite happened in Fletham Young Offenders Institution. March 2000, 19 year old Zahid Mubarek was beaten to death by his cellmate, Robert Stewart had a history of racist and violent behaviour. This evidence does not allow for fostering self-esteem or provide opportunities to rehabilitate. For prison to uphold Christian principles the reform of the offender is of paramount importance. Practical measures such as education, drink and drug therapy and counseling are required. There is evidence that education effects personal change in prisoners, not only through the acquisition of practical skills and knowledge, but also through fostering self-esteem and skills in communication. Mike Hart, Category A prisoner, killed a 20 year olds woman in an armed robbery. Whole in prison he become a born again Christian, and has worked on projects while inside to help young people be aware of what prison is really like in an attempt to turn young people away from the life of crime or potential crime. One such project, â€Å"Better Out than In† was a drama presentation re. The image of prisoners and prisons, depicting the harsh reality. How effective his work been, very difficult to assess but anecdotal evidence suggests that it is. There could and couldn’t be such things as prison in a truly Christian society, it depends on the type of prison and what happens in the prison as to whether prison has a place in a truly Christian society. For prisons to co-exist in a truly Christian society they need to have therapeutic regime employed to rehabilitate the offender rather than punitive one. Not many people can uphold the mission statement, so it needs to be looked at and improved in order to fit into a Christian society. If we look ahead Christians today can also help reform prisoners like the Howard Penal League, where prisoners where able to reform by their help. During the 19th Century Elizabeth Fry Quaker who was a Christian went to prison to help rehabilitate criminals.

Amp Financial Company of Australia and New Zealand

This research study analyzes the business of the AMP Financial Company and also evaluates their financial data (Kelly et al., 2016). In the recent days, the AMP Financial Company leads the entire wealth management industry in Australia and New Zealand. The AMP Financial Company helps their customers by providing them financial advice, superannuation services for the business of their customers, retirement income, investments on individual products, life insurance, income protection, etc. The most important business significance of this AMP financial company is to provide services to their customers regarding all banking issues such as income protection, financial advice, selection procedure of banking products, investments in share, property, fixed interest and multi-asset funds, etc. For the AMP financial company their main motto is to understand the customer needs and provide them a good quality service which leads to their satisfaction (Buckless & Krawczyk, 2016). The AMP financia l company mainly helps the other business firms by researching the financial factors which help the firm to develop and improved in future. By accepting the advice and service of AMP financial company the business firms can able to get a better quality product at reasonable price and also can able to improve the standard of their firms. By analyzing the financial data the AMP financial company helps those business firms to maintain a good reputation and corporate image within the market and also helps them to gain a high level of profitability (Abhayawansa, & Guthrie, 2014). The AMP financial company also helps the government through paying revenue on profit and all types of service taxes. In this research study, the researchers want to expand the knowledge which is related to the study of the business procedure and about the financial information of the AMP Financial Company (Chan & Ryan, 2013). By the help of literature review, different literature sources and theories are reviewed for collecting the useful data or information about the research topic. By reviewing that literature the researchers can able to make a better quality research study through which a clear idea about the topic can be derived easily. The research study will undergo various terms that will help in detail explanation of the selected topic (Yang, 2012). In the recent days, there are several numbers of financial institutions which are operating throughout every country. The AMP Financial Company have to follow three numbers of general observations about the literature review before discussing the individual approaches towards the development of the financial system of the company. Firstly, it be comes more necessary to review the literature with extra caution. The recommendations within the study suggest that the countries should also need to introduce some improvement and development and also adopt innovative ideas within their organization (Berk et al. 2013). Secondly, the literature reflects that the donors and the governments have followed an approach which leads to the supply of finance and can able to emphasize the rate of increase of supply and also reduce the rate of loan cost in some specific sectors (Ghasemy et al. 2016). Thirdly the final observation is the donors and the governments have also shied away from the using of the private sectors for providing financial services to those specific sectors. The worth extant in the finance sector is described as per to the character of the financial transaction. In the recent times, the financial sectors are seriously observing contest where Latest Corporation are entering daily (Gattorna, 2016). The AMP Financial Compan y fundamentally describes surroundings where difficulties of the customers are interwoven beside with the services of the organization. Deliver worth to the organization also explain the service that delivers value to the customers (Keneley, 2016). As per Williamson, concerns of the organizations is associated with the customers’ requirements which help in better business activities and also brings a better level of sustainability to the organization. The resource-advantage theory describes the combination of the heterogeneous resources and the heterogeneous demand of the consumers. The capital of an organization can be financial, material, legal, human-based, organizational-based, informational and relational (Oh et al., 2013). As per recognition of the individuality present inside the association, main emphasis needs to be specified so that it can out hit competitor firm as well as draw clientele based on that source. At the time of adopting resource-advance theory, the org anization should try to use the competitive advantage of the company to become the leading financial company and enjoy the greater number of customers compared to their competitor organizations. According to the study of this research process, the researchers found some research question which clears the queries to arise at the time of studying that research paper. The main research questions for analyzing the problems and opportunities of the AMP Financial company are as follows – 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is the fundamental problem? 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is the relationship between the issue and the company? 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Why is it important to overcome the problem? 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How the company planned to tackle the problem? 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How the company planned to broadcast their results? 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Is the cash flow is a flow of cash to the shareholders or the company? 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Is there having any reduction of value or cost of the fixed assets of the company? 9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Is the annual net income of the company can able to made that year or it only become a number? 10.   Is the book value become the best proxy to the share values? 11.   Is it become possible for the AMP financial company to have positive net income which never distributes the dividends in the postponement of payments? 12.   Is it better for the company to purchase shares and assets of other company?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   13.   How is the optimal capital structure calculated? By the help of investigate method, the investigator tried to identify the most suitable research apparatus and techniques for studying the business procedure and the financial activities in the AMP Financial Company and can able to make a better quality research study. Research methodology is defined as the explanation of the process which is undertaken at the time of studying the research topic (Durocher et al., 2015). By the help of these research techniques, the researchers can able to analyze the collected financial data which help to understand the feedback of the respondents in a better way. The researchers generally analyze the financial statement of the company for revealing the importance of those items which is included in the Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account. According to Macmillan and Kennedy, Financial Performance is a type of scientific process by the help of which the researchers can able to evaluate the financial strength and profitability of any type of busi ness firms (Yap et al, 2014). Financial performance is actually a snapshot through which the researchers can able to determine the efficiency and ability of the company to survive within the market. By the help of the financial performance, the position of the company within the market can also be determined. Financial Performance is actually the blueprint of all those financial affairs which takes place in the organization (Bazley et al., 2013). Basically, Financial Performance is that medium through which any organization can able to evaluate the entire management performance within the organization. The key aim of the financial performance of a financial statement for the profit and loss account and Balance Sheet of a company is to diagnose the productivity, profitability, activity, liquidity and the financial condition of the business firm (Shaw, 2016). The main objective of the business is to earn satisfactory returns on that funds which are invested within the business. Each and every individual research study has their own frame of times which allows the researcher to arrange their research activities throughout the whole research process. According to Bernard, the Gantt chart is a type of research tool by the help of which the researchers can able to make a list of the task according to the time which is taken by the researcher at the time of the study the whole research process. classification of secondary information sources Preparing interview/survey, ethics form Conclusion as well as recommendations In the table of Gantt chart, the researcher points out the most important tasks which are required to emphasis at that time when the research is conducted. Gantt chart also helps the researchers to understand the status of that particular research study. The research process is a procedure through which the entire research work is taking place. The research process of any research study takes place through certain steps (Bunney & Therry, 2013). In this research study, the researchers want to analyze the financial activities of the AMP Financial Company. Therefore, for determining the financial activities of the AMP Financial Company the researcher follows the following steps – Step 1: At first, the researchers determine the need for the research of the financial performance of the company Step 2: After that they to identify and define the problems Step 3: Then the researchers should establish the objectives of the research study on that particular topic Step 4: After establishing the research objectives the researchers should prepare a research design Step 5: After that, the researchers should able to identify the sources from where the data are collected and also can able to determine the types of information which are collected from various sources. Step 6: Then the researchers determine the process or methods through which they can able to access the data. Step 7: In the next step, the researchers prepares the forms and make a design for collecting the data Step 8: Then the researchers determine the size of the sample and make a plan for the sample collection process regarding the factors which can affect t the sample. Step 9: After that, the researchers collect the data Step: 10 Then they analyze the data critically Step 11: At last, the researchers prepare the whole research paper properly and present it. The data collection process in a realistic sense will permit the investigator in experience different types of public and also help the researchers to improve their interaction skills. By the help of the study of research concepts, the researchers can able to gain knowledge about the process of data collection and also help the researchers to analyze the financial performance of the AMP Financial Company in future (Horngren et al., 2013). The researchers adopt or select the data gathering process depending on the character and types of data collected and according to the topic of the research study. The Data collection process adds value to the research quality by enlarging the platform of knowledge. By the help of data collection process, the researchers can able to collect two types of data. The two types of data are 1) primary data and 2) secondary data. The primary data are those data which are collected by the researchers directly from the environment at the time of conducting t he research process. By the help of main data, the researchers can able to gather the most relevant facts and information though it takes enough time, as it is a long procedure in contrast to secondary data. Whereas, the secondary data are guided on the basis that comprises the online and offline source of data. There are two types of data which are analyzed by the researchers at the time of conducting the research study. The two kinds of data are – 1) Qualitative data and 2) Quantitative data. The research study is more inclined towards the outcomes related to the value due to which the customers can able to obtain a better realization and satisfaction and also can able to serve a better quality of utility as well. After reviewing the financial statement of the AMP Financial Company, the researchers determine the five-year financial summary of the AMP Financial Company. In this research study, the researchers can able to analyze the business and financial performance of the AMP Financial Company. The most important business significance of this AMP financial company is to provide services to their customers regarding all banking issues such as income protection, financial advice, selection procedure of banking products, investments in share, etc. The resources of an organization can be financial, physical, legal, human-based, organizational-based, informational and relational. As per recognition of the individuality present inside the organization, main emphasis needs to be known so that it can out hit competitor firms as well as draw clientele based on that source. The AMP financial company mainly helps the other business firms by researching the financial factors which help the firm to develop and improved in future. By the help of this research study, everybody can able to get a clear idea about the financial performance of the AMP Financial Comp any.   Horngren, C.T., Sundem, G.L., Schatzberg, J.O. and Burgstahler, D., 2013.Introduction to management accounting. Pearson Higher Ed. Bunney, D. and Therry, L., 2013. Employability skills in the Master of Professional Accounting: One school’s journey.  eCULTURE,  3(1), p.3. Shaw, T.M., 2016. The Question of Financial Career Paths: Which Graduate Program and/or Professional Certification Leads to the Greatest Income and Level of Satisfaction Based on a Survey of Professionals working within the Accounting/Finance Fields?. Bazley, M., Hancock, P., Fisher, C., Lovell, A., Berk, J., DeMarzo, P., Berk, J. and DeMarzo, P., 2013.  Financial Accounting: An Integrated. Thomson Pty Ltd, South Melbourne. Yap, C., Ryan, S. and Yong, J., 2014. Challenges facing professional accounting education in a commercialised education sector.  Accounting Education,  23(6), pp.562-581. Yang, Q., 2012.  An investigation of the factors that influence Chinese students to do a Master of Professional Accounting (MPA) program in New Zealand  (Doctoral dissertation, Auckland University of Technology). Buckless, F. and Krawczyk, K., 2016. The relation of student engagement and other admission metrics to Master of Accounting student performance.Accounting Education, pp.1-15. Chan, H.T. and Ryan, S., 2013. Challenging stereotypes: International accounting students in Australia.  Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing,  9(2), p.169. Durocher, S., Gendron, Y. and Picard, C.F., 2015. Waves of Global Standardization: Small Practitioners' Resilience and Intra-Professional Fragmentation within the Accounting Profession.  Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory,  35(1), pp.65-88. Oh, C.H., Park, J.H. and Ghauri, P.N., 2013. Doing right, investing right: Socially responsible investing and shareholder activism in the financial sector.  Business Horizons,  56(6), pp.703-714. Abhayawansa, S. and Guthrie, J., 2014. Importance of intellectual capital information: a study of Australian analyst reports.  Australian Accounting Review,  24(1), pp.66-83. Keneley, M.J., 2016. The breakdown of the workplace ‘family’and the rise of personnel management within an Australian financial institution 1950–1980.Business History, pp.1-18. Gattorna, J., 2016.  Dynamic supply chain alignment: a new business model for peak performance in enterprise supply chains across all geographies. CRC Press. Kelly, G., Delaney, D., Chai, G. and Mohamed, S., 2016. Optimising local council's return on investment from annual pavement rehabilitation budgets through targeting of the average pavement condition index.  Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition),  3(5), pp.465-474. Berk, J., DeMarzo, P., Harford, J., Ford, G., Mollica, V. and Finch, N., 2013.Fundamentals of corporate finance. Pearson Higher Education AU. Ghasemy, M., Hussin, S. and Daud, M.A.K.M., 2016. Academic leadership capability framework: a comparison of its compatibility and applicability in Australia, New Zealand, and Malaysia.  Asia Pacific Education Review,  17(2), pp.217-233.

Titian's Venus of Urbino Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Titian's Venus of Urbino - Essay Example Venus is the Roman goddess of love, beauty, sexual seduction, and fertility. The sexualized nature of Venus’ mythological roots made her a ripe subject for Renaissance artists seeking to embrace this new freedom of expression. While perhaps not the most seminal incorporation of Venus imagery, Titan’s ‘Venus of Urbino’ painting is highly sensational in its depiction of a nude woman on a couch; indeed, Mark Twain even once referred to the work as a form of pornography. This essay situates Titan’s ‘Venus of Urbino’ within the context of the gender situation in Renaissance Italy and compares it with other Renaissance versions of Venus imagery, ultimately arguing that the image indicative of progressive Renaissance values, and to an extent an early incarnation of female objectification. Analysis In gaining a thorough contextual understanding of Titian’s ‘Venus of Urbino’ (Fig. 1) it’s first necessary to situate the work in relation to the socio-cultural values, artistic trends, and gender perspectives of the time of the work’s creation. Fig. 1 Venus of Urbino One prominent such consideration is the nature of the work as framed in a window like format. There is a great many connotations within such Renaissance window imagery. One theorist notes that, â€Å"the window was often viewed as an erotically charged space for both prostitutes and -- at certain times – ‘proper’ women.†1 While for ‘Venus of Urbino’ this sexuality is in part indicative of Renaissance moral liberalization, in the context of Venus imagery this work is highly sexualized relative to other works. While the image’s highly sexualized nature is clear, the extent that this sexuality is indicative of progressive Renaissance values, or rather an early incarnation of female objectification is a debated subject. While individuals such as Joan Kelly has notably argued in favor of fe male objectification, Chojnacki instead contends that the Renaissance witnessed a shift in favor of women’s rights. He writes, â€Å"The spatial dimension of the state’s regulation of sexual behavior was more concretely present to Venetians in the case of prostitution.†2 In this mode of understanding one could potentially view the image as one empowerment. Still, it’s important to consider the nature of nude prostitutes and courtesans as being models for Venus. The image then can even be argued to take on a subversive quality, rebuking increased state regulation of sexual behavior. While a plethora of artists implemented Venus imagery during the Renaissance, this subject was a cyclical theme in Titian’s work. One of Titian’s prominent implementations of Venus occurs in his oil painting ‘Sacred and Profane Love’. Featured in Fig. 1 below, this work shares with Titian’s ‘Venus of Urbino’ the nude depiction of V enus. While the central focus in ‘Venus of Urbino’ was on the Venus figure, in this image Venus seemingly plays a secondary role to the depiction of the bride. Still, scholars have also argued that the bride is actually a different representation of Venus. Tinagli notes, â€Å"the two women represent two aspects of the goddess of love, respectively the Celestial Venus (platonic love) and the Terrestrial Venus (sensual love). Nakedness stands here for the purity of spirituality.†3 Fig. 2 Sacred and Profane

Zara brand Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Zara brand - Assignment Example Zara is praised widely as the leader in clothing industry. Inditex group-Zara is the most successful clothing company the profits of which rose substantially. In its Inditex’s all subsidiaries, Zara is the key contributor and the backbone of Inditex strength in profitability.The major motivation to the Zara for going global was Cost Reduction. The diminishing transportation costs and low tariffs and duties in many countries facilitated the firms to geographically disperse their operations and take the advantage of inexpensive labor providing countries. Another reason for this internationalized model wasthat it was becoming more difficult for Zara to curb the costs in Europe because most of the firms were labor intensive and labor cost was very high in Europe then. Although these facilitations were also exploited by its competitors, Zara outperformed all. Its distinctive operating strategies regarding Logistics and Value Chain brought impressive results compared to its competit ors.Zara’s Value Chain Strategies to cope with global market:Zara spends substantially on Research and Development which results in the latest fashion items. Special focus on Research and Development is Zara’s most important value creating activity. Zara has a team of more than 500 fashion designers, who visit the world and sense the new trends going on. These designers are provided with handheld computers for reporting and being in touch with the Management. On the other hand, the competitors reduce.... In September 2010, Zara reported $835 million profit- a 68% substantial increase in first half’s net profits- that pushed the aggressive growth rate. The firm considered this success as the outcome of satisfactory customer reception in Asian markets (BBC 2010). Logistic and Value-Chain Analysis: A firm involves in many activities from getting raw material from the suppliers to distributing the final goods to consumers. Logistics is actually a careful organization of these activities which leads them to success and efficiency. If performed efficiently, these activities develop competitive advantage of the firm in terms of cost reduction and/or differentiation and create value for its shareholders. The sequence of all these value-creating activities, which aim at earning a firm an edge in the market, is called Value-Chain. The value-Chain provides competitive advantage to a firm by either reducing the firm’s cost of production, or creating differentiation for its products . The basic value generating activities are almost similar to a wide range of firms. Porter identified few basic value activities referred as Porter’s Value-Chain model. Porter’s value chain is depicted below in the model. Inbound Logistics activities are those which help get raw material from the suppliers and warehouse it. Operations activities transform the raw material into finished goods and services. Outbound Logistics deal with warehousing and distributing the final products. Then, Sales are generated by identifying the customer needs and providing them value by Marketing and Sales. And after-sale Services are provided to customers to engage them in future business

Mass media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mass media - Essay Example In many cases it is the mass media which has represented the drugs in a pleasurable way. First of all, it is important to analyze why the mass media is so influential nowadays. A group of sociological researches investigated that how important is the role of mass media in the modern society and how it is inducing human intellectual and psychological development. In the book â€Å"One-Dimensional Man: Studies in the ideology of Advanced Industrial Society† Herbert Marcuse claims that in modern society people are determined by the information that comes from mass media and technologies (13). This information creates the perceptions people keep in their minds to evaluate situations their face in their lives. The idea is that people have become addicted and are astounded by the images and concepts that mass media have thrust in them. In some cases, concerning drugs, mass media shows people who have used some medical drugs to become healthy and happy, we undoubtedly believe that we will get the same effect if we start using the drugs as well. The reason behind the bli nd trust on mass media is idiom frequently used by media â€Å"Seeing is believing†. We forget the fact that everything is about business which is shown on media even the media itself is the part of the business. It is the biggest tool of manipulation used on the society. Niklas Luhman, in his book Social Systems, explains that communication is the basis of society. Our modern society and social system are highly dependent on mass media; it works throughout all the aspects of society (25). Initially public opinions are formed through advertisement, programs or shows, which are evidently one of the most manipulative effects against personality. In simple context people tend to learn a lot from media in term of what to wear, how to behave, what to look like etc. Luhmann claims that the messages we receive from media can describe the current developmental level the society is

The Portfolio of Current Issues in Risk Management Essay

The Portfolio of Current Issues in Risk Management - Essay Example Companies however have also sought to establish various steps to manage these risks, including the review of the management of organization risks and the review of the present operating models. Commentary The article above discusses the issue which relates to the global supply chain risk. The normal process of supply and demand in the current context of the globalized economy materializes in the form of the globalized demand and supply process. This means that demand and supply is now governed by a larger market, one which encompasses many countries (Taylor and Brunt, 2001). In the past, the commercial enterprises were mostly based on national activities, with only few multinational corporations venturing into commercial activities outside their home countries. With the eventual spread of globalization however, economic practices soon became significant trends in doing business. This included the globalized supply chains (Taylor and Brunt, 2001). Risks in relation to these supply cha ins however also impacted significantly on various corporations and business processes. Inasmuch as the global supply chain was able to secure more diverse, cheaper, and more bountiful supplies; it has also been vulnerable to various issues within the supply chain (Rainer and Cegielski, 2010). The globalized nature of the supply chain has made the delivery of supplies subject to the events which are unfolding in the countries included in the supply chain (Rainer and Cegielski, 2010). In effect, the risks experienced by the main lines and countries involved in the supply line are felt by all the countries or corporations within the chain. As was mentioned in the article, the earthquake in Japan may have been an ocean away from the western countries, however, its impact was felt in the US, and as far away as the United Kingdom (Hoover, et.al., 2001). The global supply chain, in effect, is affected by the economic crisis felt by countries or regions involved in the supply chain. Raw ma terials are usually sourced from one part of the globe, processed by another country, and then manufactured in another. The finished product is then distributed in different parts of the world (Hoover, et.al., 2001). Issues in the mining of copper in the Philippines for example would affect supply for processing companies. These processing companies would have a higher processing cost and therefore demand higher costs for their sales. In turn, the manufacturing companies would also increase their price. Eventually, the end consumer bears the cost of the price increase. Political instability also increases the risk within the global supply chain. This is very much apparent in the case of conflicts in the Middle East and in North Africa where issues in the region are causing difficulties in the oil supply chain (Hoover, et.al., 2001). The Middle East controls significant oil reserves and where the supply from these countries are curtailed or affected by political conflicts, the price of oil is also affected. Once again, within the supply chain, the costs are increased. Oil is a major source of fuel and any increase in its price affects many industries and most human commercial activities (Hoover, et.al., 2001). In the end, the consumer again bears the brunt of the economic costs